{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:52:25Z","timestamp":1785430345503,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032263","name":"Xichang University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["YBZ2025001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YBZ2025001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["YBZ2025001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YBZ2025001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02h3fyk31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics and weight of supramammary lymph nodes (SMLNs) in Holstein dairy cows and to evaluate the effects of age and body weight (BW) on these parameters. A total of 19 cows (aged 2\u20139 years) culled due to reproductive failure (including repeated insemination failure, confirmed open status, or abortion) were divided into 3 groups: high-age (H, \u22656 years, n = 6), middle-age (M, 3\u20135 years, n = 6), and low-age (L, 2 years, n = 7). Results demonstrated that the weight of SMLNs generally increased with age, although lower values were observed in the limited number of cows older than 7 years. The length and width of SMLNs observed here were markedly larger than those reported in previous ultrasonographic studies. The H group had significantly heavier left, right, and bilateral SMLNs compared to the L group (p &lt; 0.01). The M group exhibited significantly higher BW than the L group (p &lt; 0.01). Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive association between BW and right SMLN weight in the L group (r = 0.774, p &lt; 0.05), and a strong bilateral concordance in SMLN weight across all cows (r = 0.859, p &lt; 0.001). These preliminary findings suggest that SMLN morphology and weight are associated with age and BW, although larger prospective studies with complete health and lactation records are needed to confirm these relationships.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13060525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:38:42Z","timestamp":1780411122000},"page":"525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of Age and Body Weight on Supramammary Lymph Node Morphology and Weight in Holstein Dairy Cows"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5787-8656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemic Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang 615013, China"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoyun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemic Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang 615013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemic Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang 615013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8266-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songhua","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00097-5","article-title":"Optimization of DNA vaccination immune responses in dairy cows: Effect of injection site and the targeting efficacy of antigen-bCTLA-4 complex","volume":"21","author":"Shkreta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"728","article-title":"Gross anatomical structure of the mammary gland in cow","volume":"6","author":"Pandey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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