{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T04:45:40Z","timestamp":1782794740448,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Attempting to detect and improve the management of Ketosis, the objective of this study was to determine and confirm the relationship between hours of activity, rumination time, conductivity, and milk production with the presence of ketosis in cows during the transition period in dairy cows in the Comarca Lagunera region, the heart of the dairy cattle production in Mexico. Data were collected in a large scale dairy cattle study. High-precision electronic collar sensors, high-precision electronic scales, and online electronic weighing sensors were employed to determine activity and ruminating time, milk electrical conductivity, and milk yield, respectively. All data were collected and integrated using an electronic peripheral management and control software. Using urinary ketone bodies measured by qualitative strips as the biomarker for ketosis, 10.50% of the cows were found to be positive for ketosis, while the remaining 89.50% were negative. The mean and standard error for activity time (AT), ruminating time (RT), milk electrical conductivity (CE) and milk yield (MY) in normal (N) vs ketotic (P) cows were: AT N 61.38, \u00b1 0.39, AT P 39.08 \u00b1 0.49; RT N 530.85 \u00b1 2.94, RT P 295.24 \u00b1 10.69; CE N 5.68 \u00b1 0.03, CE P 9.13 \u00b1 0.11; and MY N 38.87 \u00b1 0.29, MY P 20.34 \u00b1 0.54. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted for the purpose of uncovering the underlying structure of the data by identifying latent constructs that influence the observed variables. The EFA estimated two factors which explained 62% of the variation observed. The Factor 1 (MR1) comprising the variables MY and EC, and Factor 2 (MR2), which consists the variables AT and RT. High-precision measurement sensors along multivariable analyses could facilitate the establishment of a correlation between ketosis and variables associated with the physiology, well-being, and productivity of bovines in the transition period. It further open the possibility of early detection of metabolic diseases such as ketosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13070622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T02:11:57Z","timestamp":1782785517000},"page":"622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physiological Variables, Milk Conductivity and Production in Dairy Cows to Ketosis During the Transition Period in Northern Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4699-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Antonio","family":"Robles-Trillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dico Veterinarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna Perif\u00e9rico Ra\u00fal L\u00f3pez S\u00e1nchez S\/N, Torre\u00f3n CP 27054, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9254-1044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI 96720, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1962-7797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Jes\u00fas","family":"Barrera-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Agricultura y Zootecnia, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez del Estado de Durango, Carretera G\u00f3mez Palacio a Tlahualilo km 32, G\u00f3mez Palacio CP 35000, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7670-9425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Venegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dico Veterinarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna Perif\u00e9rico Ra\u00fal L\u00f3pez S\u00e1nchez S\/N, Torre\u00f3n CP 27054, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6134-0218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00edn Alfredo","family":"Legarreta-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza 2501 Sur, Col. Tecnol\u00f3gico, Monterrey CP 64700, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2692-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dico Veterinarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna Perif\u00e9rico Ra\u00fal L\u00f3pez S\u00e1nchez S\/N, Torre\u00f3n CP 27054, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7056","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22642","article-title":"Associations between days in the close-up group and milk production, transition cow diseases, reproductive performance, culling, and behavior around calving of Holstein dairy cows","volume":"106","author":"Venjakob","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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