{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:23:08Z","timestamp":1785424988491,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007414","name":"Qassim University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["QU-APC-2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QU-APC-2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["QU-APC-2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QU-APC-2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wsfe280","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The second stomach compartment (C2) of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) plays an important role in digestion. However, detailed morphological and histochemical data remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the gross anatomy, histological organization, histometric features, and histochemical distribution of muco-substances in C2. The study was conducted on twenty dromedary camels, including fetuses and adults. Gross anatomical observations were performed on eight fresh and fixed specimens, while histological, histometric, and histochemical analyses were carried out on samples from twelve adult camels using routine and special staining techniques to identify neutral and acidic mucins. C2 was the smallest gastric compartment, located on the right side of the abdominal cavity and partially continuous with C1. Its mucosa formed chambered zones supported by prominent longitudinal muscular bands. Histologically, C2 comprised glandular and non-glandular regions. The glandular mucosa contained gastric pits and branched tubular glands with mucous, chief, and parietal cells, whereas the non-glandular region was lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Submucosal lymphoid aggregations were observed near the C2\u2013C3 junction. Histometric analysis revealed a markedly developed tunica muscularis. Strong PAS and Alcian blue reactions indicated abundant neutral and acidic mucins. These findings demonstrate that C2 is a structurally specialized compartment supporting digestion, mucosal immune defense, and adaptation to arid environments, clearly distinguishing it from the reticulum of true ruminants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13070630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T02:11:57Z","timestamp":1782785517000},"page":"630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Morphological, Histo-Morphometric and Histochemical Studies on Compartment 2 of Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Stomach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9386-1915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zarroug Hassan","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum 11111, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"881","article-title":"Histomorphological studies on the glandular mucosa of rumen, reticulum and omasum in camel (Camelus dromedarius)","volume":"66","author":"Singh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Indian J. 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