{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:19:50Z","timestamp":1790507990200,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research Program","award":["2021YFD1300404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1300404"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W2412010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W2412010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["W2412010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W2412010"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009075","name":"Guangdong Province Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022B1515020016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1515020016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars","award":["32222080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32222080"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-41-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-41-15"]}]},{"award":["CARS-41-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-41-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p5eky76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022B1515130003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1515130003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region First Class Discipline Research Special Project","award":["YLXKZX-NND-012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YLXKZX-NND-012"]}]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2021ZD0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Palm fruits are produced extensively in tropical and subtropical regions and consumed worldwide. However, over 20% of the total yield is discarded due to inferior quality, resulting in significant agricultural waste and economic loss. To mitigate this challenge and enable the safe valorization of discarded dates (DD) in animal feeding systems, this study employed solid-state fermentation (SSF) to upgrade the nutritional quality of DD and evaluated its potential as a functional feed ingredient for goats. Twenty-four male goats (6 months old; initial body weight 25.86 \u00b1 0.25 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: a basal diet (control), a diet containing 10% raw DD (D1), and a diet containing 10% solid-state fermented DD (D2). Inclusion of DD in the diet significantly increased average daily gain (ADG), final body weight (BW), and feed efficiency, with the highest values recorded for D2 (p &lt; 0.05). Feeding of DD altered (p &lt; 0.001) all measured rumen fermentation parameters, except pH, with higher levels (p &lt; 0.05) of total volatile fatty acids, propionate, microbial crude protein, and ammonia nitrogen recorded for D1 and D2, as compared to control. Similarly, blood biochemistry revealed elevated total protein, albumin, and globulin in both supplemented groups (p &lt; 0.05), whereas higher glucose and cholesterol levels were recorded for the D1 group (p &lt; 0.05). Notably, systemic antioxidant status improved with the inclusion of SSF fermented DD, as evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities, alongside reduced malondialdehyde levels (p &lt; 0.05). The inclusion of DD in the diet decreased cooking and drip losses, and decreased shear force (indicating enhanced tenderness) and water-holding capacity (p &lt; 0.05), with better values recorded for D2. Carcass protein and fat contents increased with the inclusion of DD in the diet, with higher values recorded for D2 (p &lt; 0.05). Fatty acid analysis revealed higher (p &lt; 0.05) contents of rumenic acid and octadecenoic acid in D2, as compared to D1 and control. The concentrations of lysine, methionine, threonine, leucine, and valine in meat were also higher in D2-fed goats (p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, incorporating solid-state-fermented discarded dates into goat diets represents a promising and sustainable strategy to valorize agricultural waste while concurrently improving growth performance, antioxidant status, meat quality, and selected nutrient profiles of goat meat. These preliminary findings warrant validation in larger-scale production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13070641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:50:37Z","timestamp":1782867037000},"page":"641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Solid-State Fermented Discarded Dates as a Functional Feed Ingredient: Effects on Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Profile, and Essential Amino Acid Composition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3698-6775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Mujtaba","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongxu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Veterinary Fundamentals and Disease Prevention and Control for Herbivorous Livestock, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1753-7141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wence","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Raza","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khairpur College of Agriculture and Management Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 07005, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Mustafa","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University of Technology and Skill Development, Khairpur Mirs 66020, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5969-8616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazir Ahmed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijie","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Veterinary Fundamentals and Disease Prevention and Control for Herbivorous Livestock, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Veterinary Fundamentals and Disease Prevention and Control for Herbivorous Livestock, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Veterinary Fundamentals and Disease Prevention and Control for Herbivorous Livestock, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"591","article-title":"Optimizing Breed-Specific Feeding Strategies to Enhance Goat Production in the wet climate regions","volume":"12","author":"Basit","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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