{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:34:02Z","timestamp":1790289242456,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JLGJ Special Project of Jilin Province","award":["2025JLGJ0001XM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JLGJ0001XM"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Optimizing feeding regimes and finishing duration is essential for improving beef production efficiency and meat quality. This study evaluated the effects of two feeding regimes and three finishing durations on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, meat quality, blood biochemical parameters, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbiota in Black Angus bulls. A total of 552 healthy bulls with similar initial body weight were assigned to a 2 \u00d7 3 factorial design with two diets\u2014a corn silage\u2013rice straw\u2013concentrate TMR (CSRC) and a rice straw\u2013concentrate TMR (RSC)\u2014and three finishing durations: 10, 12, and 14 months. The CSRC TMR increased average daily gain and reduced feed-to-gain ratio during early finishing (p &lt; 0.05), whereas the RSC TMR resulted in greater final body weight and higher meat redness at 14 months (p &lt; 0.05). Prolonged finishing decreased average daily gain, feed efficiency and nutrient digestibility (p &lt; 0.05), but increased carcass weight, eye muscle area, backfat thickness and meat tenderness (p &lt; 0.05). The CSRC TMR promoted higher total volatile fatty acid production (p &lt; 0.05), an acetate-oriented fermentation pattern and greater rumen microbial alpha diversity. These findings support a stage-specific feeding regime for Black Angus bull finishing. Under the present conditions, corn silage inclusion may be used to improve early finishing efficiency, whereas rice straw\u2013concentrate TMR may be more suitable for late finishing to balance final body weight, meat quality, and production cost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13070672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T11:43:34Z","timestamp":1783683814000},"page":"672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Feeding Regime and Finishing Duration on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Rumen Fermentation, and Microbiota in Black Angus Bulls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lijun","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanzhu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Province Changchun Haoyue Halal Meat Co., Ltd., Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Agricultural Vocational and Technical College, Yingkou 115009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COFCO Feed Co., Ltd., Tangshan 064104, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunzhou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1876-0097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2024.109503","article-title":"Beef-on-dairy: Meat quality of veal and prediction of intramuscular fat using the Q-FOM\u2122 Beef camera at the 5th\u20136th thoracic vertebra","volume":"213","author":"Drachmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J., Ellies-Oury, M.-P., Stoyanchev, T., and Hocquette, J.-F. 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