{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:23:26Z","timestamp":1785425006816,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024A1515140152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515140152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Special Project of Henan Province","award":["251111113600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["251111113600"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific and Technological Grants in Henan Province","award":["24210211031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24210211031"]}]},{"name":"Special Funds for Rural Revitalization Strategy of Guangdong Provincial Department of Agricul-ture and Rural Affairs in 2024","award":["2024CXTD15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CXTD15"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Pre-cise Breeding","award":["2024B03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024B03"]}]},{"name":"Base and Talent Program of Science and Technology Plan in Tibet Autonomous Region","award":["XZ202401JD0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XZ202401JD0012"]}]},{"name":"Foshan University High Level Talents Research Start-up Project","award":["CGZ07465\/CGZ07001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGZ07465\/CGZ07001"]}]},{"award":["CGZ07465\/CGZ07001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGZ07465\/CGZ07001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xvvvp28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Department of Education\u2019s distinctive innovation initiative","award":["2023KTSCX128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KTSCX128"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet. Sci.","Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, a highly contagious disease, poses a severe threat to the global swine industry. Its causative agent, PRRSV, induces reproductive disorders (abortion, stillbirth) in pregnant sows and respiratory disease in piglets. The host immune system is disrupted by PRRSV, and no specific antiviral drugs are currently available. Thus, vaccination is regarded as the primary strategy for PRRS prevention and control. GP4, a key minor structural protein of PRRSV with an estimated molecular weight of 32 kDa, contains four conserved N-glycosylation sites at residues 37, 84, 120 and 130. Critical neutralizing epitopes are harbored in its extracellular domain (amino acids 40\u201379). PRRSV binding to the host CD163 receptor is mediated by GP4, which also regulates viral assembly and release, and induces protective immune responses. Hence, GP4 is identified as a central target for PRRS vaccine development. In this review, GP4\u2019s structural characteristics, genetic evolution and interaction mechanisms are summarized. Its roles in viral life cycle, virulence, immune evasion and potential applications are discussed, providing a theoretical reference for PRRSV control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13070718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T16:16:39Z","timestamp":1784650599000},"page":"718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research Progress of GP4 Protein of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qipeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaman","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huawei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruining","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4143-3606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0306-0327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keshan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022114-111025","article-title":"Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): Pathogenesis and Interaction with the Immune System","volume":"4","author":"Lunney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. 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