{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T19:01:59Z","timestamp":1785438119591,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Doctoral Research Start-up Fund Project of Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy","award":["M4050078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M4050078"]}]},{"award":["M4050078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M4050078"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003xyzq10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Technology Research Project of Henan Province","award":["232102111047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232102111047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet. Sci.","Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mastitis remains the most economically damaging disease in the global dairy industry, and conventional genetic selection based on somatic cell score (SCS) has produced only limited gains in resistance. Epigenetic mechanisms\u2014mitotically heritable yet environmentally responsive and largely reversible modifications that regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence\u2014are now emerging as a complementary layer of biological information that can sharpen the prediction of disease susceptibility. This review summarizes current evidence on three classes of epigenetic markers associated with bovine mastitis resistance: DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs (with emphasis on microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, and small nucleolar RNAs), and histone modifications, alongside the increasingly important epitranscriptomic layer of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification. Particular attention is given to differentially methylated regions and discriminant methylation haplotype blocks in immune-related genes, circulating and milk-derived non-coding RNA biomarkers, m6A-mediated regulation of inflammatory transcripts, and histone-mark dynamics in mammary epithelial cells challenged with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. We conclude with current limitations and perspectives on translating these markers into selection tools and therapeutic targets. Across all marker classes, current evidence remains constrained by small cohort sizes, breed-specific study designs, a scarcity of longitudinal and multi-generational data, and limited functional validation, so most candidate markers are still at the discovery stage and require cautious interpretation before deployment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13080732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T10:38:41Z","timestamp":1784889521000},"page":"732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epigenetic and Epitranscriptomic Regulation of Mastitis in Dairy Cattle: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4284-5717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuaishuai","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3796-9590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Tharwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6622, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6632-0646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim F.","family":"Halawani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6930-5214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuad M.","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6688-0106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid J.","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5890-2996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Zahoor","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Wang, Z., Barkema, H.W., Li, X., Song, D., Ren, M., Tong, J., Liu, M., Gao, J., and Cheng, J. (2025). Virulence factors of bovine mastitis pathogens: Distribution, pathogenesis, and emerging vaccines targeting virulence factors: A literature review. Front. Vet. 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