{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T21:07:24Z","timestamp":1789074444238,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bal\u0131kesir University","award":["2021-059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-059"]}]},{"award":["2021-059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-059"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02tv7db43","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet. Sci.","Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glyphosate, the world\u2019s most widely used herbicide, is of growing concern in both human and veterinary medicine because livestock, companion, and working animals may be chronically exposed through feed, water, and grazing on treated land. This study evaluates the protective effects of vitamin E (\u03b1-tocopherol acetate) against chronic glyphosate-induced hepatotoxicity, multi-organ histopathological damage, and disturbances of systemic redox balance in male Wistar rats. Fifty-six rats were allocated to six groups: control, low-dose glyphosate (LG, 560 mg\/kg\/day), high-dose glyphosate (HG, 1120 mg\/kg\/day), LG + vitamin E, HG + vitamin E, and vitamin E alone. Treatments were administered by oral gavage for 30 days at equalised dosing volumes. Serum oxidant\/antioxidant markers\u2014total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and the oxidative stress index (OSI)\u2014hepatic enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, LDH), renal markers (urea, creatinine) and cardiac marker creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were measured; liver, lung, kidney, testis and heart were examined histopathologically. Glyphosate produced dose-dependent hepatocellular enzyme elevations (AST, ALT) and progressive multi-organ histopathological injury. Contrary to expectation, serum TOS and OSI did not increase in the glyphosate-only groups but were instead lower than in controls, accompanied by a compensatory rise in TAS\u2014indicating that circulating oxidant markers may underestimate tissue-level oxidative injury at this exposure duration. Vitamin E co-administration markedly enhanced TAS, lowered TOS relative to the corresponding glyphosate group (HG + VitE vs. HG, p = 0.007), reduced OSI and substantially attenuated histopathological damage across all examined organs. Vitamin E thus mitigates glyphosate-induced tissue injury and improves systemic antioxidant capacity, supporting its potential as a protective dietary antioxidant in animals subject to chronic glyphosate exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13080740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:54:26Z","timestamp":1785153266000},"page":"740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vitamin E Attenuates Glyphosate-Induced Multi-Organ Toxicity and Redox Imbalance in Rats: Biochemical and Histopathological Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2853-0487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammet","family":"Can","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bal\u0131kesir University, 10145 Bal\u0131kesir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cihangir","family":"I\u015f\u0131k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Bal\u0131kesir Atat\u00fcrk City Hospital, 10100 Bal\u0131kesir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4912-7307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cengiz","family":"G\u00f6kbulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bal\u0131kesir University, 10145 Bal\u0131kesir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eehver Ege","family":"H\u00efsm\u00efo\u011fullari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bal\u0131kesir University, 10145 Bal\u0131kesir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fclay","family":"Turan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bal\u0131kesir University, 10145 Bal\u0131kesir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8973-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ak\u0131n","family":"Usta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bal\u0131kesir University, 10145 Bal\u0131kesir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zg\u00fcr","family":"Bulmu\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bal\u0131kesir University, 10145 Bal\u0131kesir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa Hilmi","family":"Yarano\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Animal Production, Care and Research Centre, Bal\u0131kesir University, 10145 Bal\u0131kesir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galli, F.S., Mollari, M., Tassinari, V., Alimonti, C., Ubaldi, A., Cuva, C., and Marcoccia, D. (2024). Overview of human health effects related to glyphosate exposure. Front. Toxicol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2024.1474792"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-207005","article-title":"Differences in the carcinogenic evaluation of glyphosate between IARC and EFSA","volume":"70","author":"Portier","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Connolly, A., Coggins, M.A., and Koch, H.M. (2020). Human biomonitoring of glyphosate exposures: State-of-the-art and future research challenges. Toxics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics8030060"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2026, January 01). The Business Research Company Glyphosate Market Report 2025\u2014Growth and Industry Analysis to 2034. Available online: https:\/\/www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-018-0184-7","article-title":"How did the US EPA and IARC reach diametrically opposed conclusions on the genotoxicity of glyphosate-based herbicides?","volume":"31","author":"Benbrook","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Eur."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-018-0392-z","article-title":"The need for independent research on the health effects of glyphosate-based herbicides","volume":"17","author":"Landrigan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"IARC Working Group (2017). Some Organophosphate Insecticides and Herbicides. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, IARC Working Group. Available online: https:\/\/publications.iarc.who.int\/."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)70134-8","article-title":"Carcinogenicity of tetrachlorvinphos, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and glyphosate","volume":"16","author":"Guyton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxy104","article-title":"Evaluating glyphosate exposure routes and their contribution to total body burden","volume":"63","author":"Connolly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Work. Expo. Health"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envadv.2023.100474","article-title":"Glyphosate and AMPA in saliva and other traditional human matrices","volume":"15","author":"Filippi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Adv."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2019.02.001","article-title":"Exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides and risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"781","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-015-0056-1","article-title":"Transcriptome profile analysis reflects rat liver and kidney damage following chronic ultra-low dose Roundup exposure","volume":"14","author":"Mesnage","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2017.06.001","article-title":"Developmental exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide and depressive-like behavior in adult offspring","volume":"387","author":"Cattani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2016.02.005","article-title":"Analysis of the diagnostic efficiency of serum oxidative stress parameters in patients with breast cancer at various clinical stages","volume":"49","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Cheng, W., Hu, P., Ling, T., Hu, C., Chen, Y., Zheng, Y., Wang, J., Zhao, T., and You, Q. (2024). Integrative analysis identifies oxidative stress biomarkers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1335112"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-006-0170-5","article-title":"Pre- and postnatal toxicity of the commercial glyphosate formulation in Wistar rats","volume":"81","author":"Dallegrave","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2023.116398","article-title":"Individual and joint effects of glyphosate and cypermethrin formulations on two human cell lines","volume":"461","author":"Coalova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2015.08.012","article-title":"Potential toxic effects of glyphosate and its commercial formulations below regulatory limits","volume":"84","author":"Mesnage","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e157","DOI":"10.18295\/2075-0528.1566","article-title":"The role of vitamin E in human health and some diseases","volume":"14","author":"Rizvi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27378","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161126032","article-title":"Serum biomarkers of (anti)oxidant status for epidemiological studies","volume":"16","author":"Jansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(87)90434-6","article-title":"Vitamin E protection against chemical-induced cell injury. II. Evidence for a threshold effect of cellular \u03b1-tocopherol in prevention of adriamycin toxicity","volume":"256","author":"Pascoe","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(02)00353-1","article-title":"Effects of trolox on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs","volume":"67","author":"Teranishi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2004.04.008","article-title":"The effects of sub-chronic exposure of Wistar rats to the herbicide Glyphosate-Biocarb","volume":"153","author":"Benedetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2003.11.015","article-title":"A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation","volume":"37","author":"Erel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97686-6","article-title":"Oxidative stress and cardiometabolic biomarkers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"11","author":"Klisic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3789","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.902210","article-title":"Total oxidant\/antioxidant status in sera of patients with esophageal cancer","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315951","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3315951","article-title":"Oxidative stress in patients before and after on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"2021","author":"Vukicevic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155414545787","article-title":"Picrosirius red staining: A useful tool to appraise collagen networks in normal and pathological tissues","volume":"62","author":"Lattouf","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"IBM Corp (2022). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp.. Version 29.0."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s42826-024-00194-7","article-title":"Age-related changes in hematological and biochemical profiles of Wistar rats","volume":"40","author":"Patel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Giknis, M.L.A., and Clifford, C.B. (2008). Clinical Laboratory Parameters for Crl:WI(Han), Charles River Laboratories."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.07.008","article-title":"Antioxidant responses and cellular adjustments to oxidative stress","volume":"6","author":"Miguel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-75409-x","article-title":"Biochemical markers and carotid intima-media thickness in relation to cardiovascular risk in young women","volume":"14","author":"Klisic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-013-0408-y","article-title":"Alkaline phosphatase: An overview","volume":"29","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"US EPA (2026, January 01). Glyphosate\u2014Interim Registration Review Decision Case, Available online: https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pesticides."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2023.100101","article-title":"Epidemiologic studies of glyphosate and non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: A review with consideration of exposure frequency, systemic dose, and study quality","volume":"5","author":"Acquavella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/13\/8\/740\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T12:24:39Z","timestamp":1785155079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/13\/8\/740"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci13080740"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci13080740","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-7381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]}}}