{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T04:58:37Z","timestamp":1785560317729,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002644","name":"Pukyong National University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002644","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0433kqc49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003566","name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003566","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00c5s4a53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet. Sci.","Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thermal variability associated with climate change is an increasing constraint for finfish aquaculture because water temperature directly affects feed intake, nutrient utilization, endocrine stress responses, oxidative balance, immunity, intestinal integrity and survival. The literature search was conducted without a lower publication-year restriction through 5 July 2026. Database and citation-linked searches identified 386 candidate records, of which 274 remained after duplicate removal; 71 full-text articles were assessed; and 28 peer-reviewed primary feeding studies with publicly available final versions of record were retained for qualitative evidence mapping. The eligible studies were published between 2012 and 2026, with 2012 representing the earliest eligible publication rather than a prespecified starting year. Functional aquafeeds have therefore emerged as promising nutritional tools for supporting physiological resilience under heat, cold and sub-optimal temperature conditions. This review developed a PRISMA-guided systematic evidence map of dietary functional-aquafeed strategies evaluated for thermal-stress tolerance, immune regulation, antioxidant defense and metabolic homeostasis in cultured finfish. The main synthesis emphasizes studies with direct dietary thermal-stress interventions and extractable mechanistic outcomes, including sodium butyrate, organic selenium, selenium nanoparticles with riboflavin, astaxanthin, Bacillus spp., propolis, bay laurel essential oil, Spirulina-based strategies and essential oils. Overall, the available evidence suggests that selected functional aquafeeds may support thermal-stress resilience through coordinated improvements in antioxidant capacity, reduced oxidative damage, modulation of cortisol\/glucose and heat-shock responses, enhancement of innate and mucosal immunity, improved intestinal or tissue condition and stabilization of metabolic indicators. The most biologically coherent translational patterns were observed when dietary interventions improved multiple response domains simultaneously rather than a single biomarker. However, such cross-domain improvement was interpreted as mechanistic and translational support rather than as an independent indicator of evidence confidence, which depended primarily on independent replication, consistency of response direction and methodological quality. Nevertheless, the current evidence remains uneven across species, stress models, life stages and outcome domains, with limited data for marine carnivores, repeated temperature fluctuation, post-stress recovery, disease challenge and multiomics integration. Therefore, the findings should be interpreted as a structured evidence map rather than universal formulation guidance. Future studies should use standardized thermal-challenge protocols, dose\u2013response designs, clear tank-level experimental-unit reporting and integrated biomarker panels to support practical development of climate-resilient functional aquafeeds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13080756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T08:09:42Z","timestamp":1785398982000},"page":"756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional Aquafeeds for Climate-Resilient Finfish Culture: A PRISMA-Guided Systematic Evidence Map of Nutritional Strategies for Thermal-Stress Tolerance, Immunity and Metabolic Homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1328-1414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Hashibur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Major of Aquaculture and Applied Life Sciences, Division of Fisheries Life Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program of Marine and Fisheries Sciences and Convergent Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2585-9930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyuncheol","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Major of Aquaculture and Applied Life Sciences, Division of Fisheries Life Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3201-0938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haham","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Major of Aquaculture and Applied Life Sciences, Division of Fisheries Life Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0914-9613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seunghyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Major of Aquaculture and Applied Life Sciences, Division of Fisheries Life Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Feeds and Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2024). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024: Blue Transformation in Action, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03308-6","article-title":"A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture","volume":"591","author":"Naylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/23308249.2019.1649634","article-title":"Trends in global aquaculture and aquafeed production: 2000\u20132017","volume":"28","author":"Tacon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13257","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1404067111","article-title":"Does aquaculture add resilience to the global food system?","volume":"111","author":"Troell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3354\/aei00332","article-title":"Climate change and aquaculture: Considering biological response and resources","volume":"11","author":"Reid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquac. Environ. Interact."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Barange, M., Bahri, T., Beveridge, M.C.M., Cochrane, K.L., Funge-Smith, S., and Poulain, F. (2018). Synthesis of current knowledge, adaptation and mitigation options. Impacts of Climate Change on Fisheries and Aquaculture, FAO. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 627."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.015","article-title":"Fish immune system and its nutritional modulation for preventive health care","volume":"173","author":"Kiron","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2011.01333.x","article-title":"Nutrition and health of aquaculture fish","volume":"35","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2014.02.008","article-title":"Interrelationships between fish nutrition and health","volume":"431","author":"Pohlenz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-025-02122-5","article-title":"Nutritional immunomodulation in aquaculture: Functional nutrients, stress resilience, and sustainable health strategies","volume":"33","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquac. Int."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"IPCC (2019). IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"IPCC (2022). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-018-0669-1","article-title":"Global change in marine aquaculture production potential under climate change","volume":"2","author":"Froehlich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Hoar, W.S., and Randall, D.J. (1971). The effect of environmental factors on the physiology of fish. Fish Physiology (Vol. 6), Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1163156","article-title":"Physiology and climate change","volume":"322","author":"Poertner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2010.02783.x","article-title":"Climate change effects on fishes and fisheries: Towards a cause-and-effect understanding","volume":"77","author":"Poertner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.118851","article-title":"The effects of temperature on aerobic metabolism: Towards a mechanistic understanding of thermal tolerance in fish","volume":"218","author":"Schulte","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.037473","article-title":"The physiology of climate change: How potentials for acclimatization and genetic adaptation will determine winners and losers","volume":"213","author":"Somero","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/11.1.99","article-title":"Energetic responses of salmon to temperature: A study of some thermal relations in the physiology and freshwater ecology of sockeye salmon","volume":"11","author":"Brett","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am. Zool."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/jwas.12853","article-title":"Responses of aquaculture fish to climate change-induced extreme temperatures: A review","volume":"53","author":"Islam","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. World Aquac. Soc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/42.3.517","article-title":"Stress in fishes: A diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids","volume":"42","author":"Barton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008812500650","article-title":"Heat shock protein expression in fish","volume":"8","author":"Iwama","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev. Fish Biol. Fish."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2014.05.007","article-title":"Effect of severe environmental thermal stress on redox state in salmon","volume":"2","author":"Nakano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2015.12.008","article-title":"Are fish in hot water? Effects of warming on oxidative stress metabolism in the commercial species Sparus aurata","volume":"63","author":"Madeira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2010.10.006","article-title":"Environmentally induced oxidative stress in aquatic animals","volume":"101","author":"Lushchak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2013.06.008","article-title":"Influence of temperature in thermal and oxidative stress responses in estuarine fish","volume":"166","author":"Madeira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hochachka, P.W., and Somero, G.N. (2002). Biochemical Adaptation: Mechanism and Process in Physiological Evolution, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195117028.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203\u2013213","DOI":"10.47853\/FAS.2025.e18","article-title":"Effects of acute temperature exposure duration on plasma metabolites and expression of nutrient metabolism and heat shock response genes in juvenile olive flounder","volume":"28","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, K., Zhang, R., Luo, L., Wang, S., Xu, W., and Zhao, Z. (2023). Effects of thermal stress on antioxidant capacity, blood biochemical parameters and intestinal microbiota in fish. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12010198"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-025-01470-6","article-title":"Influences of thermal stress on the growth biometrics, stress indicators, oxidative stress biomarkers, and histopathological changes of European seabass","volume":"51","author":"Omar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12209","article-title":"Beneficial roles of feed additives as immunostimulants in aquaculture: A review","volume":"10","author":"Dawood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoseinifar, S.H., Sun, Y.Z., and Zhou, Z. (2018). Probiotics as means of disease control in aquaculture, a review of current knowledge and future perspectives. Front. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02429"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Ring\u00f8, E., Hoseinifar, S.H., Ghosh, K., van Doan, H., Beck, B.R., and Song, S.K. (2016). Lactic acid bacteria in finfish-an update. Front. Microbiol., 7."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2021.12.037","article-title":"Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics improved the functionality of aquafeed: Upgrading growth, reproduction, immunity and disease resistance in fish","volume":"120","author":"Rohani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-5131.2012.01086.x","article-title":"Fish larval nutrition and feed formulation: Knowledge gaps and bottlenecks for advances in larval rearing","volume":"5","author":"Hamre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2019.102500","article-title":"Dietary sodium butyrate ameliorated the blood stress biomarkers, heat shock proteins, and immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to heat stress","volume":"88","author":"Dawood","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"328","article-title":"A review on fish immuno-nutritional response to indispensable amino acids","volume":"101","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, X., Ma, W., Zhang, D., Tian, Z., Yang, Y., Huang, Y., and Hong, Y. (2025). Application of natural antioxidants as feed additives in aquaculture: A review. Biology, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14010087"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0171-1","article-title":"New developments in fish amino acid nutrition: Toward functional and environmentally oriented aquafeeds","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"008","article-title":"Current knowledge in synbiotic use for fish aquaculture: A review","volume":"S1","author":"Cerezuela","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Aquac. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"2201","article-title":"Nutrigenomics and immune function in fish","volume":"220","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-01542-z","article-title":"PRISMA-S: An extension to the PRISMA statement for reporting literature searches in systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Rethlefsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l6890","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6890","article-title":"Synthesis without meta-analysis in systematic reviews: Reporting guideline","volume":"368","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hooijmans, C.R., Rovers, M.M., de Vries, R.B.M., Leenaars, M., Ritskes-Hoitinga, M., and Langendam, M.W. (2014). SYRCLE\u2019s risk of bias tool for animal studies. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-43"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735229","article-title":"Dietary white button mushroom improved the growth, immunity, antioxidative status and resistance against heat stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"523","author":"Dawood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2021.102999","article-title":"Dietary organic selenium improves growth, serum biochemical indices, immune responses, antioxidative capacity, and modulates transcription of stress-related genes in Nile tilapia reared under sub-optimal temperature","volume":"99","author":"Naiel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2018.11.009","article-title":"Dietary lipid sources affect cold tolerance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"79","author":"Ezzat","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2020.102833","article-title":"Effects of different levels of dietary lipids on growth performance, liver histology and cold tolerance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"96","author":"Ezzat","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29343-z","article-title":"A comparative study of effects of curcumin and its nanoparticles on the growth, immunity and heat stress resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"13","author":"Salem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alrashada, Y.N., Hassanien, H.A., Abbas, A.O., Alkhamis, S.A., and Alkobaby, A.I. (2023). Dietary propolis improves the growth performance, redox status, and immune response of Nile tilapia upon a cold-stress challenge. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293727"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4061","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-023-01365-4","article-title":"Dietary alpha-lipoic acid boosts growth, immune-antioxidant traits, behavior, and transcriptomes of antioxidant, apoptosis, and immune-related genes to combat cold stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"32","author":"Behairy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquac. Int."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-024-01739-2","article-title":"Amelioration of hypoxia and cold stress in Nile tilapia: Comparative effect of Chlorella vulgaris and its nanoparticle dietary supplementation on performance, antioxidant, hepatic functions, and meat quality","volume":"33","author":"Youssuf","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquac. Int."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-025-01460-8","article-title":"Impacts of dietary alpha-tocopherol acetate on physiological response, antioxidant activity, innate immunity, and histopathological status of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus under heat and salinity stress","volume":"51","author":"Albaqami","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-025-10705-z","article-title":"Dietary Pelargonium sidoides extract mitigates thermal stress in Oreochromis niloticus: Physiological and immunological insights","volume":"49","author":"Atia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.14107","article-title":"Essential oil of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) enhances growth and immunity in cold-stressed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"109","author":"Shehata","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-36000-8","article-title":"Spirulina-coenzyme Q10 nanoemulsion regulating growth, antioxidant, immune capacity, histopathological alterations in Nile tilapia exposed to heat stress","volume":"16","author":"Ahmed","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.01.008","article-title":"Effects of emodin and vitamin C on growth performance, biochemical parameters and two HSP70s mRNA expression of Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala Yih) under high temperature stress","volume":"32","author":"Ming","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohapatra, S., Chakraborty, T., Prusty, A.K., PaniPrasad, K., and Mohanta, K.N. (2014). Beneficial effects of dietary probiotics mixture on hemato-immunology and cell apoptosis of Labeo rohita fingerlings reared at higher water temperatures. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100929"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-017-0425-5","article-title":"Effect of dietary astaxanthin on the growth performance, non-specific immunity, and antioxidant capacity of pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) under high temperature stress","volume":"44","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.04.022","article-title":"The protective effects of taurine on oxidative stress, cytoplasmic free-Ca2+ and apoptosis of pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) under low temperature stress","volume":"77","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17883","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74911-2","article-title":"Mitigation potential of selenium nanoparticles and riboflavin against arsenic and elevated temperature stress in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51170-z","article-title":"Multifunctional role of dietary copper to regulate stress-responsive gene for mitigation of multiple stresses in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yousefi, M., Hoseini, S.M., Kulikov, E.V., Seleznev, S.B., Petrov, A.K., Babichev, N.V., Kochneva, M.V., and Davies, S.J. (2022). Effects of dietary Hyssop, Hyssopus officinalis, extract on physiological and antioxidant responses of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, juveniles to thermal stress. Front. Vet. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1042063"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yousefi, M., Adineh, H., Vatnikov, Y.A., Kulikov, E.V., Petrukhina, O.A., Sotnikova, E.D., Telezhenkova, A.I., and Hoseini, S.M. (2025). Effects of dietary supplementation with Abies sibirica essential oil on growth performance, digestive enzymes, skin mucus immunological parameters, and response to heat stress in rainbow trout. Animals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15192911"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akram, S., Ranasinghe, N., Lee, T.-H., and Chou, C.-C. (2024). Enhancement of thermal tolerance and growth performances of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) fed with grape extract supplemented feed. Animals, 14.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4783515"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2024.102168","article-title":"Nutritional mitigation of heatwave stress in European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax: Metabolic, cellular, and molecular responses","volume":"36","author":"Islam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108537","article-title":"Dietary nano-selenium alleviates heat stress-induced intestinal damage through affecting intestinal antioxidant capacity and microbiota in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"133","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, S., Liang, H., Chen, X., Zhang, L., Huang, D., Wang, Y., Cheng, Z., and Ren, M. (2025). Optimizing low fishmeal diets with vitamin C supplementation: A comprehensive study on growth, immunity, and heat stress resistance in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) juveniles. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5355051"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, N., Tao, J.S., Yu, Q.F., Sun, G.G., Liu, X.P., Tang, W.R., Zhang, L.N., and Yang, Z. (2025). Dietary tea polyphenols alleviate acute-heat-stress-induced death of hybrid crucian carp HCC2: Involvement of modified lipid metabolisms in liver. Metabolites, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15040229"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111008","article-title":"Probiotics and Spirulina platensis enhance growth, antioxidant response and immunity in rohu (Labeo rohita) under thermal stress","volume":"168","author":"Mahfuj","year":"2026","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elbahnaswy, S., Elshopakey, G.E., Abdelwarith, A.A., Younis, E.M., Davies, S.J., and El-Son, M.A.M. (2024). Immune protective, stress indicators, antioxidant, histopathological status, and heat shock protein gene expression impacts of dietary Bacillus spp. against heat shock in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). BMC Vet. Res., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04303-5"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/13\/8\/756\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T04:22:37Z","timestamp":1785558157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/13\/8\/756"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci13080756"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci13080756","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-7381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]}}}