{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:24:12Z","timestamp":1793327052089,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet. Sci.","Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhimurium, largely spread through poultry products, increasingly resists antibiotic treatment. We evaluated dietary pomegranate peel extract-loaded nano-emulsions (PomNEs) on performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and S. Typhimurium resistance in laying hens. A total of 250 15-week-old Hy-Line Brown hens received a basal diet or diets supplemented with PomNEs at 0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 g\/kg, and then were challenged with S. Typhimurium at 34 weeks. Hens fed PomNEs, especially PomNEs1.2, showed improved egg production and feed efficiency before challenge and restored normal output afterward. Supplementation reduced Salmonella colonization in the ovaries, liver, and eggs, with considerable reduction in eggs and ovaries at the highest dose by ten weeks, and down-regulated bacterial virulence genes (hilA, invA). Immune function improved through higher phagocytic activity, intracellular killing, and lysozyme levels, lower nitric oxide, up-regulated IgA and \u03b2-defensins (AvBD6, AvBD12), and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Intestinal and ovarian redox balance improved via reduced COX2 and elevated GPX-1, HO-1, NQO1, SOD-1, and CAT expression. These benefits support PomNEs as promising natural feed additives to enhance laying performance, antioxidant defense, and immunity against salmonellosis, offering a sustainable strategy for supporting disease control in poultry production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13080775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T14:16:27Z","timestamp":1785766587000},"page":"775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Enhanced Efficacy of Pomegranate Peel Extract via Double Nano-Emulsion Delivery in Laying Hens: Impact on Performance, Immunity, Antioxidant Status, and Salmonella Typhimurium Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1696-562X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanan S.","family":"Al-Khalaifah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9847-3097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asmaa T. Y.","family":"Kishawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2453-3755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rania M. S.","family":"El-Malt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig 44516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4463-4251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wessam","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walaa A.","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig 44516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia W. A. H.","family":"Elged","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Biochemistry, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig Branch, Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Zagazig 44516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafaa M.","family":"Gad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansoura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Mansoura 35511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman A.","family":"Elalfy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansoura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Mansoura 35511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed E. E.","family":"Sayed Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansoura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Mansoura35511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4058-6021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hebatullah M.","family":"Abouelfadl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanies S. E.","family":"Salim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Zagazig Branch, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Zagazig 44516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa M.","family":"Fathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Serology Unit, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Dokki, P.O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3402-1216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doaa","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bendary, M.M., Ibrahim, D., Mosbah, R.A., Mosallam, F., Hegazy, W.A., Awad, N.F., Alshareef, W.A., Alomar, S.Y., Zaitone, S.A., and Abd El-Hamid, M.I. (2020). Thymol nanoemulsion: A new therapeutic option for extensively drug resistant foodborne pathogens. 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