{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T04:30:30Z","timestamp":1786595430447,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005076","name":"Agricultural Research and Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRP6705031590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP6705031590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/018wfhg78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"Kasetsart University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N42A670624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A670624"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["N42A670624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A670624"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05gzceg21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet. Sci.","Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most infectious viral diseases of cloven-hoofed animals. The crucial strategy for FMD control is the combination of animal quarantine and a rapid onsite diagnostic assay capable of differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Herein, we have developed a lateral flow immunoassay to detect specific antibodies against FMDV non-structural protein (NSP), based on recombinant mu3ABC produced by E. coli as an antibody detector, the so-called mu3ABC strip test. The performance of this test was examined using 366 field serum samples from cattle, pigs, and goats and compared with the commercial ELISA kit, resulting in a diagnostic sensitivity (DSn) and specificity (DSp) of 98.05% and 93.16%, respectively. Additionally, efficacies of this test and commercial ELISA were determined using 200 reference bovine serum samples (100 positives, 100 negatives) classified by the Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease in South East Asia (RRL). The result reveals that the DSn and DSp of the test were 78% and 91%, respectively, while those for the commercial ELISA kit were 69% and 100%, respectively. The developed mu3ABC strip tests are effective and can be used to differentiate the infected animals in parallel with the sero-surveillance ELISA test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13080797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T16:30:32Z","timestamp":1786465832000},"page":"797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a mu3ABC-Based Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Strip for Rapid DIVA-Compatible Detection of Antibodies Specific to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4267-8744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wantanee","family":"Tommeurd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijittra","family":"Naithong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4763-2856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jullada","family":"Chootip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kingkarn Boonsuya","family":"Seeyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot and Mouth Disease in Southeast Asia, Pak Chong, Nakhon Ratchasima 30130, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5595-3296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Porntippa","family":"Lekcharoensuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4023","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-34132-x","article-title":"Incubation phase transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle: Experimental evidence and simulated impacts","volume":"16","author":"Stenfeldt","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. 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