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Sci.","Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the aim was to investigate the effect of Urtica dioica L. (UD) on bisphenol A (BPA)-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Forty-eight male rats were divided into six groups: control, BPA (50 mg\/kg), UD100 (100 mg\/kg), UD200 (200 mg\/kg), BPA + UD100, and BPA + UD200. UD ameliorated the BPA-induced reductions in sperm concentration and motility, membrane integrity and decreased increments in abnormalities of sperm. The results showed that BPA exposure significantly decreased testosterone levels, and moreover, co-administration of UD appeared to enhance this effect. Treatment with UD alleviated BPA-induced testicular apoptosis by attenuation of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 levels by increasing Bcl-2 level. Moreover, it was significantly reduced inflammation by decreasing the expression of TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u00df, and IL-6 in the testis tissue compared to the BPA group. It was also determined that BPA-induced histopathological damage was significantly mitigated by UD co-administration. In the BPA group, CAT, SOD, and GPx levels decreased compared with those of the control group. However, co-administration of UD showed an ameliorative effect on the other antioxidant enzymes except for SOD. These findings revealed that UD can be used as a potential and effective agent to ameliorate BPA-induced testicular toxicity due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13080840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:05:19Z","timestamp":1787241919000},"page":"840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Urtica dioica L. Alleviates Bisphenol A-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats via Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4335-4477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seydi Ahmet","family":"\u015eeng\u00fcl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31060 Hatay, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcls\u00fcm","family":"Pektan\u00e7 \u015eeng\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology and Research & Development Center (MARGEM), Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31060 Hatay, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6384-9146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u0131rat","family":"A\u015f\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbak\u0131r, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7120-8146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurdan","family":"Co\u015fkun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31060 Hatay, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1612-0563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irmak","family":"\u0130\u00e7en Ta\u015fk\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5508-9861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O\u011fuz Kaan","family":"Yal\u00e7\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31060 Hatay, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eladak, S., Moison, D., Guerquin, M.-J., Matilionyte, G., Kilcoyne, K., N\u2019Tumba-Byn, T., Messiaen, S., Deceuninck, Y., Pozzi-Gaudin, S., and Benachi, A. 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