{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:35:05Z","timestamp":1787582105753,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003827","name":"National Recovery Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet. Sci.","Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Canine otitis externa caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is frequently chronic and treatment refractory, yet integrated historical phenotype\u2013genotype data remain limited. We characterized an archival Hungarian collection obtained in 2010 and 2017. Methods: Broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for 67 isolates against 13 antimicrobial agents and chlorhexidine, and 59 isolates had matched long-read whole-genome assemblies. Resistance-associated determinants were identified using the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database, and their predicted proximity to mobile genetic elements and plasmid-like contigs was evaluated. Results: Current canine Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoints classified 59\/67 isolates (88.1%) as enrofloxacin resistant and 43\/67 (64.2%) as marbofloxacin resistant. European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing epidemiological cut-off values identified non-wild-type subsets for ciprofloxacin (7\/67), tobramycin (4\/67), imipenem (1\/67), and piperacillin\u2013tazobactam (51\/67), whereas all isolates remained within the available wild-type distributions for ceftazidime, gentamicin, and amikacin. No continuous MIC distribution changed significantly between sampling years after false-discovery-rate correction, although categorical marbofloxacin resistance decreased from 87.5% in 2010 to 42.9% in 2017. Resistance-gene screening identified 64 unique determinants, including near-universal efflux-system components, PDC and OXA-50-like \u03b2-lactamases, APH(3\u2032)-IIb, arnA, and basS. The fluoroquinolone-associated determinant crpP occurred in 37\/59 genomes and was located on plasmid-predicted contigs in six isolates. No determinant\u2013MIC association remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Conclusions: The discordance between conserved resistance-gene repertoires and heterogeneous MICs demonstrates that sequence-based detection alone is insufficient for therapeutic inference. Integrated phenotypic and genomic surveillance is therefore required to support evidence-based antimicrobial stewardship in canine pseudomonal otitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13090855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T13:20:43Z","timestamp":1787577643000},"page":"855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phenotypic Susceptibility, Resistance-Associated Genomic Determinants, and Mobile-Genetic-Element Context of Canine Otitis Externa-Associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa Collected in Hungary in 2010 and 2017"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3203-9458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merc\u00e9desz Adrienn","family":"Veres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zs\u00f3fia Anna","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enik\u0151","family":"Ill\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0236-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrik","family":"Mag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5750-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eszter","family":"Kaszab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, One Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7778-9116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enik\u0151","family":"Feh\u00e9r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Virology, Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, University of P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g \u00datja 20, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3380-0827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1kos","family":"Jerzsele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7837-2459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1d\u00e1m","family":"Kerek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40575-021-00106-1","article-title":"Frequency and Predisposing Factors for Canine Otitis Externa in the UK\u2014A Primary Veterinary Care Epidemiological View","volume":"8","author":"Volk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Canine Med. Genet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Secker, B., Shaw, S., and Atterbury, R.J. (2023). Pseudomonas spp. in Canine Otitis Externa. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11112650"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosales, R.S., Ram\u00edrez, A.S., Moya-Gil, E., de la Fuente, S.N., Su\u00e1rez-P\u00e9rez, A., and Poveda, J.B. (2024). Microbiological Survey and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Microorganisms Obtained from Suspect Cases of Canine Otitis Externa in Gran Canaria, Spain. Animals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14050742"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elfadadny, A., Uchiyama, J., Goto, K., Imanishi, I., Ragab, R.F., Nageeb, W.M., Iyori, K., Toyoda, Y., Tsukui, T., and Ide, K. (2023). Antimicrobial Resistance and Genotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from the Ear Canals of Dogs in Japan. Front Vet. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1074127"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcias, B., Batalla, M., Vidal, A., Dur\u00e1n, I., and Darwich, L. (2025). Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance of Canine Otitis Pathogens in the Iberian Peninsula (2010\u20132021). Antibiotics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14040328"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u0142\u00f3karz, D., Bierowiec, K., and Rypu\u0142a, K. (2023). Screening for Antimicrobial Resistance and Genes of Exotoxins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Infected Dogs and Cats in Poland. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12071226"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jangsangthong, A., Lugsomya, K., Apiratwarrasakul, S., and Phumthanakorn, N. (2024). Distribution of Sequence Types and Antimicrobial Resistance of Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Dogs and Cats Visiting a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Thailand. BMC Vet. Res., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04098-5"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Secker, B., Shaw, S., Hobley, L., and Atterbury, R.J. (2025). Genomic and Phenotypic Characterisation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Canine Otitis Externa Reveals High-Risk Sequence Types Identical to Those Found in Human Nosocomial Infections. Front. Microbiol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1526843"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"001407","article-title":"Genomic Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Canine Otitis Highlights the Need for a One Health Approach to This Opportunistic Pathogen","volume":"11","author":"Newstead","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popa, I., Iancu, I., Iorgoni, V., Gligor, A., Imre, K., T\u00eerziu, E., Bochi\u0219, T., Pop, C., Degi, J., and Ivan, A. (2026). Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Fluoroquinolone Resistance Patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Canine Otitis Externa in Romania. Antibiotics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15020144"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.24425\/pjvs.2023.145052","article-title":"Prevalence of the Microbiological Causes of Canine Otitis Externa and the Antibiotic Susceptibility of the Isolated Bacterial Strains","volume":"26","author":"Tesin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pol. J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jurado-Mart\u00edn, I., Sainz-Mej\u00edas, M., and McClean, S. (2021). Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Audacious Pathogen with an Adaptable Arsenal of Virulence Factors. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063128"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2018.11.013","article-title":"Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Mechanisms and Alternative Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"37","author":"Pang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thi, M.T.T., Wibowo, D., and Rehm, B.H.A. (2020). Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228671"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karruli, A., Catalini, C., D\u2019Amore, C., Foglia, F., Mari, F., Harxhi, A., Galdiero, M., and Durante-Mangoni, E. (2023). Evidence-Based Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections: A Critical Reappraisal. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020399"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Th\u00f6ming, J.G., and H\u00e4ussler, S. (2022). Pseudomonas aeruginosa Is More Tolerant Under Biofilm Than Under Planktonic Growth Conditions: A Multi-Isolate Survey. Front Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.851784"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalska-Krochmal, B., and Dudek-Wicher, R. (2021). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Antibiotics: Methods, Interpretation, Clinical Relevance. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020165"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"ajvr.23.07.0159","article-title":"Revision of Fluoroquinolone Breakpoints Used for Interpretation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Canine Bacterial Isolates","volume":"84","author":"Papich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"(2024). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated From Animals, 7th ed. (Standard No. CLSI VET01S)."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) (2026, July 12). MIC and Zone Diameter Distributions. Available online: https:\/\/mic.eucast.org\/."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.07.003","article-title":"WHO Publishes Updated List of Bacterial Priority Pathogens","volume":"5","author":"Jesudason","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2022). Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators Global Burden of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance in 2019: A Systematic Analysis. Lancet, 399, 629\u2013655."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00284-7","article-title":"Exploiting Genomics for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance at One Health Interfaces","volume":"4","author":"Muloi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13010","article-title":"The Environmental Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"128","author":"Crone","year":"2020","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.56385\/magyallorv.2024.02.91-105","article-title":"The Rise of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wild Birds: Potential AMR Sources and Wild Birds as AMR Reservoirs and Disseminators: Literature Review","volume":"146","author":"Benmazouz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Magy. \u00c1llatorvosok Lapja"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"339","article-title":"The Status of Antimicrobial Resistance in Domestic Poultry with Different Breeding Purposes in Hungary between 2022-2023","volume":"146","author":"Kerek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Magy. \u00c1llatorvosok Lapja"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2024.01102","article-title":"Escherichia coli from Healthy Farm Animals: Antimicrobial Resistance, Resistance Genes and Mobile Genetic Elements","volume":"72","author":"Mihailovskaya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Hung."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2024.00988","article-title":"Resistome Analysis of Escherichia coli Isolates from Layers in Hungary","volume":"72","author":"Kerek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Hung."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2024). Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically, 12th ed. (Standard No. CLSI M07)."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty149","article-title":"NanoPack: Visualizing and Processing Long-Read Sequencing Data","volume":"34","author":"Schultz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0072-8","article-title":"Assembly of Long, Error-Prone Reads Using Repeat Graphs","volume":"37","author":"Kolmogorov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty191","article-title":"Minimap2: Pairwise Alignment for Nucleotide Sequences","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.214270.116","article-title":"Fast and Accurate de Novo Genome Assembly from Long Uncorrected Reads","volume":"27","author":"Vaser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt086","article-title":"QUAST: Quality Assessment Tool for Genome Assemblies","volume":"29","author":"Gurevich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4647","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab199","article-title":"BUSCO Update: Novel and Streamlined Workflows along with Broader and Deeper Phylogenetic Coverage for Scoring of Eukaryotic, Prokaryotic, and Viral Genomes","volume":"38","author":"Manni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.186072.114","article-title":"CheckM: Assessing the Quality of Microbial Genomes Recovered from Isolates, Single Cells, and Metagenomes","volume":"25","author":"Parks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Seemann, T. (2026, August 12). ABRicate: Mass Screening of Contigs for Antimicrobial Resistance or Virulence Genes, Version 1.4.0. GitHub. Available online: https:\/\/github.com\/tseemann\/abricate."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D690","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac920","article-title":"CARD 2023: Expanded Curation, Support for Machine Learning, and Resistome Prediction at the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database","volume":"51","author":"Alcock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa390","article-title":"Detection of Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Enterica Using a Newly Developed Web Tool: MobileElementFinder","volume":"76","author":"Johansson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1321","article-title":"PlasFlow: Predicting Plasmid Sequences in Metagenomic Data Using Genome Signatures","volume":"46","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaszab, E., Laczk\u00f3, L., Kardos, G., and B\u00e1nyai, K. (2023). Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Associated Mobile Genetic Elements in Lactobacillales from Various Sources. Front. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1281473"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D912","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1107","article-title":"VFDB 2022: A General Classification Scheme for Bacterial Virulence Factors","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veres, M.A., T\u00f3th, Z.A., Ill\u00e9s, E., Mag, P., Kaszab, E., Feh\u00e9r, E., Kerek, \u00c1., and Jerzsele, \u00c1. (2026). Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Genomic Resistance Determinants in Canine Otitis-Associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates. Front. Vet. Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1902036"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2024.01051","article-title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida Strains Isolated from Different Host Species","volume":"72","author":"Gantelet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Hung."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186-e68","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12534","article-title":"Identification of VIM-2 Metallo-\u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Dogs with Pyoderma and Otitis in Korea","volume":"29","author":"Hyun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seres-Steinbach, A., Schneider-Patk\u00f3, B., Jerzsele, \u00c1., Veres, A.M., Sonnevend, \u00c1., B\u00e1nyai, K., and Schneider, G. (2025). Characterization of Canine Otitis Externa Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates and Their Sensitivities to Different Essential Oils. Animals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15060826"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Louren\u00e7o, M.R., Cunha, E., Tavares, L., and Oliveira, M. (2025). Antimicrobial Potential of Bacteriophages JG005 and JG024 Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Canine Otitis. Vet. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12070646"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.56385\/magyallorv.2025.9.545-554","article-title":"A Classic Disinfectant Reimagined: The Role of Stabilized Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl) in Modern Hygiene","volume":"147","author":"Jerzsele","year":"2025","journal-title":"Magy. \u00c1llatorvosok Lapja"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02629-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02629-17","article-title":"CrpP Is a Novel Ciprofloxacin-Modifying Enzyme Encoded by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pUM505 Plasmid","volume":"62","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00118-5","article-title":"The WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List 2024: A Prioritisation Study to Guide Research, Development, and Public Health Strategies against Antimicrobial Resistance","volume":"25","author":"Sati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106196","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa Epidemic High-Risk Clones and Their Association with Horizontally-Acquired \u03b2-Lactamases: 2020 Update","volume":"56","author":"Oliver","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.06.018","article-title":"Global Emergence of the Widespread Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235 Clone","volume":"24","author":"Treepong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1136\/inp.i1951","article-title":"Successful Management of Otitis Externa","volume":"38","author":"Nuttall","year":"2016","journal-title":"In Pract."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veres, M.A., T\u00f3th, Z.A., Ill\u00e9s, E., Mag, P., Kaszab, E., Feh\u00e9r, E., Jerzsele, \u00c1., and Kerek, \u00c1. (2026). Virulence-Associated Genomic Architecture of Canine Otitis Externa-Derived Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Hungary. Vet. Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1902036"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, O.S.K., Baranger-Ete, M., Lam, W.W.T., Wu, P., Yeung, M., Lee, E., Bond, H., Swan, O., and Tun, H.M. (2022). A Retrospective Study of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Associated with Feline and Canine Urinary Tract Infection in Hong Kong SAR, China\u2014A Case Study on Implication of First-Line Antibiotics Use. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11091140"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saraiva, S., Calouro, R., de Sousa, T., Dapkevicius, M.d.L.E., Mesquita, J.R., Coelho, A.C., and Poeta, P. (2025). Bacterial Agents and Antimicrobial-Resistance Patterns in Canine Otitis Externa. Animals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15223317"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/13\/9\/855\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T13:52:23Z","timestamp":1787579543000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/13\/9\/855"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci13090855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci13090855","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-7381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]]}}}