{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:18:11Z","timestamp":1787739491255,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet. Sci.","Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) alters blood flow patterns and may induce endothelial activation; however, the effects of different CPB configurations on endothelial-associated biomarkers remain unclear. In this exploratory pilot study, we compared circulating biomarkers and tissue immunohistochemical findings between beating-heart partial CPB and cardioplegic total CPB in juvenile pigs. Ten 8-week-old female crossbred piglets underwent partial CPB with continued cardiac beating (n = 5) or total CPB with aortic cross-clamping and cardioplegic arrest (n = 5) for 60 min. Serum vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM-17), and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and tissue VCAM-1 and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) were assessed immunohistochemically. At the end of the CPB procedure, serum VCAM-1 was higher in the total CPB group than in the partial CPB group (581 [339\u2013759] ng\/mL vs. 239 [224\u2013304] ng\/mL; |rank-biserial r| = 0.84 (95%CI, 0.36 to 1.00); Hodges\u2013Lehmann estimate of the location shift = 341.7 ng\/mL, 95% CI, 5.1\u2013607.0 ng\/mL; p = 0.03), whereas ADAM-17 and TSP-1 and tissue findings showed no consistent intergroup differences. Total CPB was associated with an early increase in circulating VCAM-1. Because the CPB configurations differed in several physiological and procedural factors, this response should be interpreted as configuration-associated rather than as evidence of an isolated effect of reduced pulsatility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13090861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:01:07Z","timestamp":1787670067000},"page":"861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Circulating Endothelial-Associated Biomarker Responses During Beating-Heart Partial Versus Cardioplegic Total Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Juvenile Pigs: An Exploratory Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hiromu","family":"Udagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Companion Animal Surgery, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu 069-8501, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Hamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Companion Animal Surgery, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu 069-8501, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunryel","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Companion Animal Surgery, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu 069-8501, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu 069-8501, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Companion Animal Surgery, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu 069-8501, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6001-7862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Isaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Companion Animal Surgery, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu 069-8501, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.02.059","article-title":"Role of endothelial shear stress in the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling: Molecular, cellular, and vascular behavior","volume":"49","author":"Chatzizisis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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