{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T05:18:50Z","timestamp":1787980730678,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet. Sci.","Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The health of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) is threatened by a variety of biotic and abiotic stressors, among which pesticide exposure remains a major factor. Acetamiprid is a neonicotinoid still authorized in the European Union despite the known toxic effects exerted on honey bees. To date, its impact on queens\u2019 health remains largely unexplored although colony survival is strongly dependent on the reproductive success of the queen. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a 7-day sublethal exposure to acetamiprid (20 \u03bcg\/L) on the ovarian structure using histological and immunohistochemical approaches. The histological analysis revealed structural alterations in the ovaries of exposed queens, including disorganization of the germarium and vitellarium, cytoplasmatic vacuolization in the interstitial connective tissue, oocyte degeneration and pyknotic nuclei in nurse cells, indicative of apoptosis. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased expression of HSP70 and HSP90, indicating a disruption of cellular proteostasis and cellular stress. These findings suggest that sublethal short-term exposure to acetamiprid may directly affect the queen bee reproductive apparatus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13090876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:47:13Z","timestamp":1787849233000},"page":"876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sublethal Acetamiprid Exposure Induces Ovarian Degeneration and HSP70\/HSP90 Overexpression in Honey Bee Queens (Apis mellifera)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2170-3788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmine","family":"Ait Kara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorie de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualite, Facult\u00e9 SNVST, Universit\u00e9 de Bouira, Bouira 10000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7767-6437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karima","family":"Benfodil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Protection of Agricoltural and Natural Ecosystems, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences and Earth Sciences, Bouira University, Bouira 10000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2338-5393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assia","family":"Cherifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre, Universit\u00e9 de Bouira, Bouira 10000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8262-0286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ourdia","family":"Sadeddine Zennouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory in Marine Ecosystem and Aquacole, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3618-6555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chahra","family":"Dahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorie de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualite, Facult\u00e9 SNVST, Universit\u00e9 de Bouira, Bouira 10000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2243-9706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chafika","family":"Mouhoub Sayah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorie de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualite, Facult\u00e9 SNVST, Universit\u00e9 de Bouira, Bouira 10000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9508-9953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Rosato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples \u2018Federico II\u2019, Via Vicinale Cupa Cinthia 21, 80216 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1509-5294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Leandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples \u2018Federico II\u2019, Via Vicinale Cupa Cinthia 21, 80216 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2940-7520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples \u2018Federico II\u2019, Via Vicinale Cupa Cinthia 21, 80216 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230200","article-title":"Wild pollinators enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honey bee abundance","volume":"339","author":"Garibaldi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/85.3.621","article-title":"Estimating the economic value of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as agricultural pollinators in the United States","volume":"85","author":"Southwick","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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