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Sci.","Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Musk, a precious traditional Chinese medicine, is secreted by the male forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii). The gut microbiota plays an essential role in host metabolism, yet its relationship with musk traits remains poorly understood. Here, 16S rRNA sequencing of 89 fecal samples was integrated with musk quality (color and moisture) and yield data to investigate how fecal bacterial communities influence these traits. Distinct microbial consortia were associated with musk traits. Aromatic and sulfur-metabolizing taxa (norank_f_Actinomycetaceae, Nocardioides, Rhodococcus, and Mailhella) were associated with degradation of aromatic compounds and sulfur-containing amino acids, potentially contributing to muscone and other bioactive aroma components. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing taxa (Blautia, Phascolarctobacterium, Oscillospiraceae UCG-005, unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, Anaerovorax, Parabacteroides, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, and Bacteroides) were capable of fiber decomposition and may supply energy for steroid synthesis via SCFAs, favoring high-quality musk formation. Ketogulonicigenium vulgare was linked to anti-inflammatory polypeptides and steroids. These potential indicators may facilitate early selection of high-yielding deer, inform probiotic\/prebiotic interventions, and support dietary strategies to improve gut health and musk productivity, thereby reducing poaching and promoting the sustainable conservation of this endangered species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13090957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:05:26Z","timestamp":1789391126000},"page":"957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deciphering the Link Between Gut Bacterial Community Structure of Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii) and Musk Traits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3491-8971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hang","family":"Jie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing University of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 408435, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7490-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3790-560X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Caiyi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2933-3645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengli","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Sichuan Institute for Drug Control, Chengdu 611830, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiuxiang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environment, Aba Teachers University, Wenchuan 623002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Chenglu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing University of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 408435, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhongxian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102436","article-title":"Exploring the effect of the microbiota on the production of duck striped eggs","volume":"102","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. 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