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Sci.","Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The 2018 African swine fever (ASF) outbreak disrupted China\u2019s pig industry but spurred transformations in production, organisation, and governance. Using the One Health framework, this study examines post-ASF dynamics across animal health, environmental sustainability, public health, and economic sustainability. The findings indicate the following: (1) Policy, investment, biosecurity, and digital tech enabled rapid production recovery, yet the growth rate of production has significantly outpaced that of consumption, raising periodic overcapacity risks. (2) The shift from farrow-to-finish to specialised, large-scale operations improves efficiency and risk control but intensifies environmental pressure. (3) Digital tools and biosecurity promote precision and health-oriented farming. (4) Key sustainability challenges include crop\u2013livestock decoupling, low manure utilisation, animal welfare gaps, and antimicrobial stewardship. The analysis reveals that while economic sustainability has driven rapid capacity recovery, it increasingly conflicts with environmental and animal health objectives. Therefore, the future pathways should adopt One Health to integrate capacity optimisation, green recycling, biosecurity governance, and digital transformation, balancing economic returns, animal health, environmental protection, and public health security.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13090960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:05:26Z","timestamp":1789391126000},"page":"960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transformation and Sustainable Development of China\u2019s Pig Industry in the Post-African Swine Fever Era: A One Health Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4364-5773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1976-795X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zengyong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyi","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yakun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2024). 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