{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:53:17Z","timestamp":1791996797635,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2009\/51886-3, 2012\/03103-2, 2013\/17408-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009\/51886-3, 2012\/03103-2, 2013\/17408-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["474690\/2013-0; 434848\/2016-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["474690\/2013-0; 434848\/2016-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heat stress has been related to the impairment of behavioral and immunological parameters in broiler chickens. However, the literature is not clear on the involvement of neuroimmune interactions in a heat stress situation associated with bacterial and parasitic infections. The present study evaluated the production of monoamines and their metabolites in brain regions (rostral pallium, hypothalamus, brain stem, and midbrain) in broiler chickens submitted to chronic heat stress and\/or infection and co-infection with Eimeria spp. and Clostridium perfringens type A. The heat stress and avian necrotic enteritis (NE) modulated the neurochemical profile of monoamines in different areas of the central nervous system, in particular, those related to the activity of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal (HPA) axis that is responsible for sickness behavior. C. perfringens and\/or Eimeria infection, heat stress increased 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 4,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and DOPAC\/dopamine (DA) in the rostral pallium; 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG), homovanillic acid (HVA), HVA\/DA, DOPAC\/DA, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)\/5-HT in the hypothalamus; MHPG, 5-HIAA\/5-HT, DOPAC\/DA, and HVA\/DA in the midbrain; and MHPG, DOPAC, HVA, HVA\/DA, DOPAC\/DA, and 5-HIAA\/5-HT in the brainstem. Heat stress decreased noradrenaline + norepinephrine (NOR + AD) in all brain regions analyzed; 5-HT in the hypothalamus, midbrain, and brainstem; and DA in the midbrain. The results also showed the existence and activity of the brain-gut axis in broiler chickens. The brain neurochemical profile and corticosterone production are consistent with those observed in chronic stressed mammals, in animals with sickness behavior, and an overloading of the HPA axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci6010004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]],"date-time":"2019-01-10T03:22:31Z","timestamp":1547090551000},"page":"4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Heat Stress Modulates Brain Monoamines and Their Metabolites Production in Broiler Chickens Co-Infected with Clostridium perfringens Type A and Eimeria spp."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1859-2046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atilio Sersun","family":"Calefi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Garcia da Silva","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina Augusta de Queiroz","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5469-9481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula Nascimento","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanderley Moreno","family":"Quinteiro-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge Camilo","family":"Fl\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0336-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano","family":"Zager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0086-5181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Jos\u00e9 Piantino","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Palermo-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Network of immunoendocrine interactions","volume":"27","author":"Besedovsky","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830070516","article-title":"Hypothalamic changes during the immune response","volume":"7","author":"Besedovsky","year":"1977","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-1591(88)90028-1","article-title":"Interleukin-1 induces changes in norepinephrine metabolism in the rat brain","volume":"2","author":"Kabiersch","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain Behav. 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