{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:14:33Z","timestamp":1787030073587,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the characteristic species specificity of Papillomaviruses (PVs), the bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types 1, 2, and\u2014more rarely\u201413, can cross-infect equids, where they are involved in the pathogenesis of sarcoid neoplasms. Sarcoids are locally invasive fibroblastic skin tumors that represent the most common skin neoplasms in horses worldwide. The transmission mechanism of BPV is still controversial in horses. Thus far, direct and indirect routes have been implicated, while vertical transmission has been suggested after the detection of viral DNA in the semen of healthy stallions. Testing of the blood and placenta of non-sarcoid baring mares and their respective foals revealed that the equine placenta can harbor BPV DNA, leading us to speculate a possible prenatal vertical DNA transmission in equids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci6010014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T11:51:12Z","timestamp":1549453872000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Molecular Detection of Bovine Papillomavirus DNA in the Placenta and Blood of Healthy Mares and Respective Foals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Savini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gallina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Mazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4881-3898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jole","family":"Mariella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Castagnetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Scagliarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18947-0","article-title":"Association of bovine papillomavirus with the equine sarcoid","volume":"84","author":"Chambers","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00371-13","article-title":"Bovine papillomavirus type 13 DNA in equine sarcoids","volume":"51","author":"Lunardi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2009.02.008","article-title":"Detection of bovine papillomavirus DNA in sarcoid-affected and healthy free-roaming zebra (Equus zebra) populations in South Africa","volume":"158","author":"Oosthuizen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2004.12.003","article-title":"Detection of bovine papillomavirus DNA on the normal skin and in the habitual surroundings of horses with and without equine sarcoids","volume":"79","author":"Bogaert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.11.008","article-title":"High prevalence of bovine papillomaviral DNA in the normal skin of equine sarcoid-affected and healthy horses","volume":"129","author":"Bogaert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Mic."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83568-0","article-title":"Peripheral blood mononuclear cells represent a reservoir of bovine papillomavirus DNA in sarcoid-affected equines","volume":"89","author":"Brandt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2009.04.015","article-title":"The detection of Bovine Papillomavirus type 1 DNA in flies","volume":"144","author":"Finlay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815594852","article-title":"Localization of Bovine Papillomavirus Nucleic Acid in Equine Sarcoids","volume":"53","author":"Gaynor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12036","article-title":"The presence and gene expression of bovine papillomavirus in the peripheral blood and semen of healthy horses","volume":"61","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2015.07.016","article-title":"E5 nucleotide polymorphisms suggest quasispecies occurrence in BPV-1 sub-clinically infected horses","volume":"102","author":"Savini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.02.014","article-title":"A Subset of Equine Sarcoids Harbours BPV-1 DNA in a Complex with L1 Major Capsid Protein","volume":"375","author":"Brandt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(94)90097-3","article-title":"Latent papillomavirus infection in cattle","volume":"56","author":"Campo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.031740-0","article-title":"PBMCs are additional sites of productive infection of bovine papillomavirus type 2","volume":"92","author":"Roperto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gen. Vir."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"697","article-title":"Papillomavirus DNA detection in non epithelial tissues: A discussion about bovine papillomavirus","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Formatex","year":"2007","journal-title":"Communicating Current Research and Educational Topics and Trends in Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.4238\/vol8-1gmr573","article-title":"Bovine papillomavirus DNA in milk, blood, urine, semen, and spermatozoa of bovine papillomavirus-infected animals","volume":"8","author":"Lindsey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"525","article-title":"Papillomatosis in cattle: In situ detection of bovine papillomavirus DNA sequences in reproductive tissues","volume":"23","author":"Yaguiu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Braz. J. Morphol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822003000500028","article-title":"Bovine papillomavirus type 2 in reproductive tract and gamets of slaughtered bovine females","volume":"34","author":"Brunner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2011.11.005","article-title":"Detection of bovine papillomavirus type 2 DNA in commercial frozen semen of bulls (Bos taurus)","volume":"129","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.741","article-title":"Bovine papillomavirus DNA in neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues obtained from horses with and without sarcoids in the western United States","volume":"62","author":"Carr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the surgical margins of equine sarcoids for bovine papilloma virus DNA","volume":"84","author":"Martens","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1994.1185","article-title":"Presence of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Amniotic Fluids of Pregnant Women with Cervical Lesions","volume":"54","author":"Ioshimoto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-83","article-title":"Perinatal transmission of human papilomavirus DNA","volume":"6","author":"Rombaldi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-79-9-2127","article-title":"Bovine papillomavirus transmission and chromosomal aberrations: An experimental model","volume":"79","author":"Lindsey","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"155","article-title":"Placental papillomatosis in water buffalo associated with bovine deltapapillomavirus","volume":"71","author":"Russo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. LXXI Soc. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12800","article-title":"Detection of bovine Deltapapillomavirus DNA in peripheral blood of healthy sheep (Ovis aries)","volume":"65","author":"Roperto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340802468308","article-title":"Human Papillomavirus in the Placenta and Umbilical Cord Blood","volume":"87","author":"Sarkola","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, E.M., Parker, M.A., Rubenstein, L.M., Haugen, T.H., Hamsikova, E., and Turek, L.P. (2010). Evidence for Vertical Transmission of HPV from Mothers to Infants. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol., 7.","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/326369"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S.M., Park, J.S., Norwitz, E.R., Koo, J.N., Oh, I.H., Park, J.W., Kim, S.M., Kim, Y.H., Park, C.W., and Song, Y.S. (2013). Risk of Vertical Transmission of Human Papillomavirus throughout Pregnancy: A Prospective Study. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066368"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen-Gunther, J., Wang, Y., Lai, Z., Poage, G.M., Perez, L., and Huang, T.H. (2017). Deep sequencing of HPV E6\/E7 genes reveals loss of genotypic diversity and gain of clonal dominance in high-grade intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. BMC Genom., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-3612-y"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foresta, C., Patassini, C., Bertoldo, A., Menegazzo, M., Francavilla, F., Barzon, L., and Ferlin, A. (2011). Mechanism of human papillomavirus binding to human spermatozoa and fertilizing ability of infected spermatozoa. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015036"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(98)90228-3","article-title":"Trophoblasts are the preferential target for human papilloma virus infection in spontaneously aborted products of conception","volume":"29","author":"Hermonat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roperto, S., Borzacchiello, G., Esposito, I., Riccardi, M., Urraro, C., Luc\u00e0, R., Corteggio, A., Tat\u00e8, R., Cermola, M., and Paciello, O. (2012). Productive infection of bovine papillomavirus type 2 in the placenta of pregnant cows affected with urinary bladder tumors. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033569"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/6\/1\/14\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:31:22Z","timestamp":1760185882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/6\/1\/14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci6010014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci6010014","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-7381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]}}}