{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T05:30:49Z","timestamp":1792387849275,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the seroprevalence and identifying the risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle, sheep, and goats in eight provinces located in two main Algerian agro-ecological zones was carried out from October 2015 to March 2018. Blood sera from 4074 animals of both sexes were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies, using the indirect, enzyme-linked, immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA). Moreover, to identify the potential risk factors of T. gondii infection, a survey through a breeders\u2019 questionnaires was conducted. Nearly one-fourth of the total number of animals tested (1024\/4074)\u2014i.e., 25.1%\u2014were seropositive. The seroprevalence in cattle, sheep, and goats was 28.7%, 25.6%, and 11.9%, respectively. The area, sex, age, and herd size were identified as risk factors for T. gondii infection. Higher seropositivity rates were recorded in cows and goats (odds ratio (OR) = 1.63 and 6.4), in old animals (cattle, OR = 2.1; sheep, OR = 1.9; and goat, OR = 3.9), and in small size herds (cattle, OR = 2.5; sheep, OR = 1.9; goat, OR = 2.2). In conclusion, there is widespread T. gondii infection in cattle, sheep, and goats in these two strategic agricultural areas. The identification of the risk factors determines the type of measures and strategies to be undertaken to reduce, control, and prevent T. gondii infection in domestic animals, and thereby reduce human infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci6030063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T11:56:51Z","timestamp":1562759811000},"page":"63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Cross-Sectional Survey on Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Cattle, Sheep, and Goats in Algeria: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mohamed-Cherif","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Hygi\u00e8ne Alimentaire et Syst\u00e8me Assurance Qualit\u00e9 (Hasaq), Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alger. Rue Issad. Oued Smar., Bab Ezzouar, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miroud","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Epid\u00e9mio-Surveillance, Sant\u00e9, Productions et Reproduction, Exp\u00e9rimentation et Th\u00e9rapie Cellulaire des Animaux Domestiques et Sauvages (ESSPRETCADS), Institut des Sciences V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires, Universit\u00e9 Chadli Bendjedid El-Tarf, ElTarf 36000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benfodil","family":"Karima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Hygi\u00e8ne Alimentaire et Syst\u00e8me Assurance Qualit\u00e9 (Hasaq), Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alger. Rue Issad. Oued Smar., Bab Ezzouar, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ansel","family":"Samir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Hygi\u00e8ne Alimentaire et Syst\u00e8me Assurance Qualit\u00e9 (Hasaq), Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alger. Rue Issad. Oued Smar., Bab Ezzouar, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khelef","family":"Djamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Hygi\u00e8ne Alimentaire et Syst\u00e8me Assurance Qualit\u00e9 (Hasaq), Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alger. Rue Issad. Oued Smar., Bab Ezzouar, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaidi","family":"Rachid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Biotechnologie et Reproduction Animale (LBRA), Institut des Sciences V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires Blida, Ouled Ya\u00efch, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2514-5615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ait-Oudhia","family":"Khatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Hygi\u00e8ne Alimentaire et Syst\u00e8me Assurance Qualit\u00e9 (Hasaq), Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alger. Rue Issad. 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