{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:40:20Z","timestamp":1793295620442,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]],"date-time":"2020-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melioidosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a potentially life-threatening infection that can affect humans and a wide variety of animals in the tropics. In December 2017, a swine melioidosis case was discovered during a meat inspection at a privately-owned slaughterhouse in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in southern Thailand. The infection, which continued for several months, caused a dispute about where the disease began. An environmental investigation into two farms\u2014both involved in raising the first infected pig\u2014ensued. Through genetic analysis, the investigation revealed that a contaminated water supply at one farm was the probable source of infection. The three local sequence types identified in the investigation were types 51, 298 and 392.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7010009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]],"date-time":"2020-01-15T03:20:22Z","timestamp":1579058422000},"page":"9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Investigation of Melioidosis Outbreak in Pig Farms in Southern Thailand"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Wiyada","family":"Kwanhian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Research for Melioidosis, Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Treenate","family":"Jiranantasak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and the Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3855-053X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleeza T.","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and the Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9300-7903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryn E.","family":"Tolchinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and the Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and the Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jirarat","family":"Songsri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Research for Melioidosis, Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suebtrakool","family":"Wisessombat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Research for Melioidosis, Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kawinsaya","family":"Pukanha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Research for Melioidosis, Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0726-7774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincentius A.","family":"Testamenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and the Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pacharapong","family":"Khrongsee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and the Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somporn","family":"Sretrirutchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jedsada","family":"Kaewrakmuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitbanjong","family":"Tangpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Research for Melioidosis, Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3380-0448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apichai","family":"Tuanyok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Research for Melioidosis, Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and the Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2002.121891","article-title":"Melioidosis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei in drinking water, Thailand, 2012","volume":"20","author":"Limmathurotsakul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. 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Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Limmathurotsakul, D., Dance, D.A., Wuthiekanun, V., Kaestli, M., Mayo, M., Warner, J., Wagner, D.M., Tuanyok, A., Wertheim, H., and Yoke Cheng, T. (2013). Systematic review and consensus guidelines for environmental sampling of Burkholderia pseudomallei. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002105"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.5.2068-2079.2003","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing and evolutionary relationships among the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei","volume":"41","author":"Godoy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. 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