{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:44:29Z","timestamp":1760402669571,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infectious causes of myositis are reported relatively uncommonly in horses. Among them, bacterial causes include Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, Actinobacillus equuli, Fusobacterium spp. Staphylococcus spp, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Infection can be spread to muscles via haematogenous or extension from skin lesions. Parasitic myositis has also been documented. In this report, a 12 year-old Italian Quarter Horse mare presented with diffuse subcutaneous nodules and masses ranging from 2 \u00d7 3 to 5 \u00d7 20 cm in size, and adherent to subcutis and muscles that were first macroscopically and cytologically diagnosed as pyogranulomas. Subsequently, histological, molecular, bacteriological, and biochemical investigations were performed. All the data obtained allowed to diagnose a severe and diffuse multibacterial granulomatous myositis caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Corynebacterium amycolatum. Following the therapy and an initial disappearance of most of the lesions together with a general improvement of the mare, the clinical condition deteriorated, and new nodules appeared. Matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and PCR techniques revealed the presence of bacteria as Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus and Dietzia spp. To the authors\u2019 knowledge, this case report represents the first description of multibacterial granulomatous myositis due to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Corynebacterium amycolatum, Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus, and Dietzia spp. in a horse reared in Italy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7020047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T04:15:13Z","timestamp":1587528913000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Atypical Multibacterial Granulomatous Myositis in a Horse: First Report in Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6818-4411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Rifici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell\u2019Annunziata, 98168 Messina (ME), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9085-7125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Rita","family":"Attili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93\/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"De Biase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Animal Health, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roselane","family":"Gon\u00e7alves dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N\u00fabia","family":"Seyffert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador-Bahia 40170-115, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2869-5065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Luiz","family":"De Paula Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador-Bahia 40170-115, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrique Cesar","family":"Pereira Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Scaramozzino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scaravet Equine Breeding Center, Via Don Minzoni, 29, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Reale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Department, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute (IZS) of Sicily, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo (PA), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3091-0905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Paciello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Animal Health, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9536-3506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Cuteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93\/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon Jane","family":"Spier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4775-2280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasco","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mazzullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell\u2019Annunziata, 98168 Messina (ME), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02726.x","article-title":"Muscle disorders in the horse: A retrospective study","volume":"23","author":"Freestone","year":"1991","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.017","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of granulomatous myositis","volume":"13","author":"Grau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00001-08","article-title":"Bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral myositis","volume":"21","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870802000506","article-title":"Pathologic findings in equine muscle (excluding polysaccharide storage): A necropsy study","volume":"20","author":"Valentine","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005056","article-title":"Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: Microbiology, biochemical properties, pathogenesis and molecular studies of virulence","volume":"37","author":"Dorella","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"90","article-title":"Antigens of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis with promising potential for caseous lymphadenitis vaccine development: A literature review","volume":"8","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cad. Ci\u00eanc. Agr\u00e1."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30033-5","article-title":"Caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants","volume":"17","author":"Williamson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2003.tb11443.x","article-title":"Prevalence of caseous lymphadenitis and usage of caseous lymphadenitis vaccines in sheep flocks","volume":"81","author":"Paton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1734","article-title":"Molecular epidemiologic features of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from horses","volume":"65","author":"Foley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2009.07.002","article-title":"High seroprevalence of caseous lymphadenitis in Brazilian goat herds revealed by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis secreted proteins-based ELISA","volume":"88","author":"Seyffert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-012-0102-8","article-title":"Epidemiological, bacteriological and molecular studies on caseous lymphadenitis in Sirohi goats of Rajasthan, India","volume":"44","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.2.185","article-title":"Human lymphadenitis due to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: Report of ten cases from Australia and review","volume":"24","author":"Peel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2001.00451.x","article-title":"Oedematous skin disease of buffalo in Egypt","volume":"48","author":"Selim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. B. Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2004.00388.x","article-title":"A herd level analysis of a Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis outbreak in a dairy cattle herd","volume":"15","author":"Yeruham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trost, E., Ott, L., Schneider, J., Schr\u00f6der, J., Jaenicke, S., Goesmann, A., Husemann, P., Stoye, J., Dorella, F.A., and Souza Rocha, F. (2010). The complete genome sequence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis FRC41 isolated from a 12-year-old girl with necrotizing lymphadenitis reveals insights into gene-regulatory networks contributing to virulence. BMC Genom., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-728"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams, R., Smith, J., Locke, S., Phillips, E., Erol, E., Carter, C., and Odoi, A. (2018). An epidemiologic study of antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus species isolated from equine samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory. BMC Vet. Res., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1367-6"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-45-4-724","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Corynebacterium based on 16S rRNA gene sequences","volume":"45","author":"Pascual","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06081.x","article-title":"Genetic interrelationships of saccharolytic Clostridium botulinum types B, E and F and related clostridia as revealed by small-subunit rRNA gene sequences","volume":"108","author":"Hutson","year":"1993","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lanteri, G., Macr\u00ec, F., Rapisarda, G., Basile, F., Reale, S., and Marino, F. (2012). Systemic candidiasis in farm-reared red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) caused by Leucosporidium spp.. BMC Vet. Res., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-81"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Markey, B., Leonard, F., Archambault, M., Cullinane, A., and Maguire, D. (2013). Clinical Veterinary Microbiology, Mosby Ltd.. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Kirby-bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test protocol","volume":"1","author":"Hudzicki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. Soc. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (2016). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Bacteria Isolated from Animals VET06 ED:1, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46997-0","article-title":"Multiplex PCR assay for identification of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from pure cultures and for rapid detection of this pathogen in clinical samples","volume":"56","author":"Pacheco","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida, S., Dorneles, E.M.S., Diniz, C., Abreu, V., Sousa, C., Alves, J., Carneiro, A., Bagano, P., Spier, S.J., and Barh, D. (2017). Quadruplex PCR assay for identification of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis differentiating biovar Ovis and Equi. BMC Vet. Res., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1210-5"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01492","article-title":"Use of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for the Fast Identification of Gram-Positive Fish Pathogens","volume":"8","author":"Assis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01953-09","article-title":"Identification of Francisella tularensis by whole-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: Fast, reliable, robust, and cost-effective differentiation on species and subspecies levels","volume":"48","author":"Seibold","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.000702","article-title":"Review of the taxonomy of the genus Arthrobacter, emendation of the genus Arthrobacter sensu lato, proposal to reclassify selected species of the genus Arthrobacter in the novel genera Glutamicibacter gen. nov., Paeniglutamicibacter gen. nov., Pseudoglutamicibacter gen. nov., Paenarthrobacter gen. nov. and Pseudarthrobacter gen. nov., and emended description of Arthrobacter roseus","volume":"66","author":"Busse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.829","article-title":"Use of a real-time polymerase chain reaction-based fluorogenic 5\u2032 nuclease assay to evaluate insect vectors of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infections in horses","volume":"65","author":"Spier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.89.26.691","article-title":"Two biotypes of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis","volume":"89","author":"Biberstein","year":"1971","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"206","article-title":"Characterization of strains of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis","volume":"46","author":"Muckle","year":"1982","journal-title":"Can. J. Comp. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2007.07.002","article-title":"Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its role in ovine caseous lymphadenitis","volume":"137","author":"Baird","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.133.4.89","article-title":"An outbreak of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in an Israeli dairy herd","volume":"133","author":"Shpigel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.03.009","article-title":"The relationship between Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar equi phenotype with location and extent of lesions in horses","volume":"200","author":"Britz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.241.6.771","article-title":"Musculoskeletal Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in horses: 35 cases (1999\u20132009)","volume":"241","author":"Nogradi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boysen, C., Davis, E.G., Beard, L.A., Lubbers, B.V., and Raghavan, R.K. (2015). Bayesian geostatistical analysis and ecoclimate determinants of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection among horses. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140666"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.209.04.804","article-title":"Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in horses: 538 cases (1982\u20131993)","volume":"209","author":"Aleman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1086\/313490","article-title":"Bacteremia due to Dietzia maris in an immunocompromised patient","volume":"29","author":"Haloun","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.5604\/17322693.1002082","article-title":"Mycolic acids-potential biomarkers of opportunistic infections caused by bacteria of the suborder Corynebacterineae","volume":"66","author":"Kowalski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Postepy Hig. Med. Dosw."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-45-1-32","article-title":"Dietzia, a new genus including Dietzia maris comb. nov. formerly Rhodococcus maris","volume":"45","author":"Rainey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2013.79","article-title":"Simple and rapid characterization of mycolic acids from Dietzia strains by using MALDI spiral-TOFMS with ultra high mass-resolving power","volume":"66","author":"Kanae","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.026690-0","article-title":"Arthrobacter equi sp. nov., isolated from veterinary clinical material","volume":"61","author":"Yassin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2019, December 03). Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?id=1663."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"(2020, March 30). Available online: https:\/\/www.namesforlife.com\/10.1601\/tx.5839."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"(2020, April 02). Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nuccore\/NZ_CP034412.1."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2006.01.006","article-title":"Optimization of MALDI-TOF MS for strain level differentiation of Arthrobacter isolates","volume":"66","author":"Vargha","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00658-08","article-title":"Identities of Arthrobacter spp. and Arthrobacter-like bacteria encountered in human clinical specimens","volume":"46","author":"Mages","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2016.033","article-title":"Bacteremia due to Arthrobacter creatinolyticus in an elderly diabetic man with acute cholangitis","volume":"70","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-49-3-1217","article-title":"Arthrobacter rhombi sp. nov., isolated from Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides)","volume":"49","author":"Osorio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-52-2-569","article-title":"Arthrobacter nasiphocae sp. nov., from the common seal (Phoca vitulina)","volume":"52","author":"Collins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02353-0","article-title":"Arthrobacter gandavensis sp. nov., for strains of veterinary origin","volume":"53","author":"Storms","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/7\/2\/47\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:45:06Z","timestamp":1760363106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/7\/2\/47"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci7020047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci7020047","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2306-7381"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]}}}