{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:20:03Z","timestamp":1767968403531,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["680040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["680040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hungarian Brain Research Program","award":["2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005032","name":"BIAL Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["169\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["169\/16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005032","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research Development and Innovation Office","award":["OTKA FK 128242; K 132372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OTKA FK 128242; K 132372"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003825","name":"Hungarian Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F01\/031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F01\/031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"J\u00e1nos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian EFOP","award":["EFOP-3.62.-NEUR-I-H and NEUR-II-H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EFOP-3.62.-NEUR-I-H and NEUR-II-H"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Recent studies suggest that clinically sound ventriculomegaly in dogs could be a preliminary form of the clinically significant hydrocephalus. We evaluated changes of ventricular volumes in awake functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) trained dogs with indirectly assessed cognitive abilities over time (thus avoiding the use of anaesthetics, which can alter the pressure). Our research question was whether ventricular enlargement developing over time would have any detrimental effect on staying still while being scanned; which can be extrapolated to the ability to pay attention and to exert inhibition. Methods: Seven healthy dogs, 2\u20138 years old at the baseline scan and 4 years older at rescan, participated in a rigorous and gradual training for staying motionless (&lt;2 mm) in the magnetic resonance (MR) scanner without any sedation during 6 minute-long structural MR sequences. On T1 structural images, volumetric analyses of the lateral ventricles were completed by software guided semi-automated tissue-type segmentations performed with FMRIB Software Library (FSL, Analysis Group, Oxford, UK). Results and conclusion: We report significant enlargement for both ventricles (left: 47.46 %, right: 46.07 %) over time while dogs retained high levels of attention and inhibition. The results suggest that even considerable ventricular enlargement arising during normal aging does not necessarily reflect observable pathological changes in behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7030127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T11:24:24Z","timestamp":1599218664000},"page":"127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Longitudinal Volumetric Assessment of Ventricular Enlargement in Pet Dogs Trained for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Gunde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Surgery and Ophthalmology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9425-0892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00e1lm\u00e1n","family":"Czeibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"G\u00e1bor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"MTA-ELTE (Hungarian Academy of Sciences\u2013E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University) \u2018Lend\u016blet Neuroethology of Communication Research Group, 1117 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7902-7713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00f3ra","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychobiology Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Arany-T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Surgery and Ophthalmology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Andics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"MTA-ELTE (Hungarian Academy of Sciences\u2013E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University) \u2018Lend\u016blet Neuroethology of Communication Research Group, 1117 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rta","family":"G\u00e1csi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, 1117 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4468-9845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enik\u0151","family":"Kubinyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1997.tb00855.x","article-title":"Diagnosis of cerebral ventriculomegaly in normal adult beagles using quantitative MRI","volume":"38","author":"Vullo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet. 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