{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T18:02:10Z","timestamp":1773079330788,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common event during general anaesthesia but is often underdiagnosed in veterinary medicine. The oesophageal pH in anaesthetised dogs undergoing endoscopic evaluation of the upper gastrointestinal tract (END group; n = 12) or orthopaedic surgery (ORT group; n = 12) was measured using an oesophageal probe. The dogs were sedated with acepromazine or with methadone or butorphanol, and anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Of the 24 dogs in this study, 21 (87.5%) had an episode of GER during anaesthesia. The incidence of GER, as well as the first, the minimum, and the maximum pH values, did not differ significantly between the groups. The mean maximum difference versus the first pH value was higher for dogs in the END group (\u22122.6 \u00b1 3.5) as compared with those in the ORT group (\u22120.7 \u00b1 2.5), although they were not statistically significant (p = 0.25). The administration of methadone or butorphanol had no significant effect on the development of acidic reflux or biliary reflux. In the acepromazine-sedated dogs, the incidence of GER did not differ significantly between patients undergoing an endoscopic procedure and those undergoing orthopaedic surgery; however, during endoscopy, fluctuations in the oesophageal pH can be expected, even without any clinical signs of GER.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7040144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T01:39:33Z","timestamp":1600997973000},"page":"144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Incidence of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Dogs Undergoing Orthopaedic Surgery or Endoscopic Evaluation of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Lambertini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy. Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia (BO), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4431-0791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Pietra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy. Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia (BO), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8132-1310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Galiazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy. Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia (BO), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Torresan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive System, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti, 40100 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Pinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy. Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia (BO), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"Pisoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy. Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia (BO), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Romagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy. Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia (BO), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.137.19.479","article-title":"Gastro-oesophageal reflux during anaesthesia in the dog, the effect of preoperative fasting and premedication","volume":"137","author":"Galatos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet. 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