{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:19:54Z","timestamp":1790745594522,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009509","name":"Kementerian Riset Teknologi Dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["136\/SP2H\/LT\/DRPM\/IV\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["136\/SP2H\/LT\/DRPM\/IV\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009509","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HDTRA1-17-1-0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HDTRA1-17-1-0014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Burkholderia pseudomallei, the Gram-negative bacterium which causes melioidosis, is a threat to human and a wide range of animal species. There is an increased concern of melioidosis in Indonesian primate facilities, especially following case reports of fatal melioidosis in captive macaques and orangutans. Our preliminary serosurveillance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to B. pseudomallei lipopolysaccharide showed that a significant number of captive and wild macaques in the western part of Java, Indonesia, have been exposed to B. pseudomallei. To better characterize the humoral immune response in those animals, a panel of assays were conducted on the same blood plasma specimens that were taken from 182 cynomolgus macaques (M. fascicularis) and 88 pig-tailed macaques (M. nemestrina) reared in captive enclosures and wild habitats in the western part of Java, Indonesia. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in this study were conducted to detect IgG against B. pseudomallei proteins; alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C (AhpC), hemolysin-coregulated protein (Hcp1), and putative outer membrane porin protein (OmpH). The performances of those immunoassays were compared to ELISA against B. pseudomallei LPS, which has been conducted previously. Seropositivity to at least one assay was 76.4% (139\/182) and 13.6% (12\/88) in cynomolgus macaques and pig-tailed macaques, respectively. Analysis of demographic factors showed that species and primate facility were significant factors. Cynomolgus macaques had higher probability of exposure to B. pseudomallei. Moreover, macaques in Jonggol facility also had higher probability, compared to macaques in other facilities. There were no statistical associations between seropositivity with other demographic factors such as sex, age group, and habitat type. There were strong positive correlations between the absorbance results of AhpC, HcpI, and OmpH assays, but not with LPS assay. Our analysis suggested that Hcp1 assay would complement LPS assay in melioidosis serosurveillance in macaques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7040153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T21:48:38Z","timestamp":1602625718000},"page":"153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Humoral Immune Responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei Antigens in Captive and Wild Macaques in the Western Part of Java, Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0726-7774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincentius Arca","family":"Testamenti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Primatology Study Program, Graduate School of IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16128, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachmitasari","family":"Noviana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primate Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16128, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diah","family":"Iskandriati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primatology Study Program, Graduate School of IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16128, Indonesia"},{"name":"Primate Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16128, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5285-0432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael H.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Epidemiology &amp; Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"},{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Treenate","family":"Jiranantasak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3380-0448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apichai","family":"Tuanyok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aris Tri","family":"Wahyudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dondin","family":"Sajuthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primatology Study Program, Graduate School of IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16128, Indonesia"},{"name":"Primate Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16128, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Clinics, Reproduction, and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joko","family":"Pamungkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primatology Study Program, Graduate School of IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16128, Indonesia"},{"name":"Primate Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16128, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1204699","article-title":"Meliodosis","volume":"367","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. 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