{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T23:09:28Z","timestamp":1790982568646,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Female dogs, especially intact or neutered lately, are at increased risk for reproductive disorders including mammary tumors (MTs). This retrospective study evaluated the prevalence of reproductive pathology and associated mortality in a cohort of female dogs presented at a single veterinary clinic. The medical records of female dogs born in 2000\u20132003 were reviewed. The study included 599 cases, of which 293 were followed up until death. Causes of death were analyzed according to the spaying status. Among the 599 female dogs, 306 were intact (51%), 50 (8%) had been spayed before 2 years of age (ES, early spaying), and 243 (41%) after 2 years (LS, late spaying). During their lifetime, 79 dogs (13.2%) developed pyometra, and 160 (26.7%) a mammary tumor. Among the 293 dogs with complete follow-up, 103 (35.1%) had at least one MT during their lifetime, of which 53 (51.5%) died of their mammary cancer. Spayed (ES + LS) female dogs had a 4-fold decreased risk of dying from mammary cancer (OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.11\u20130.47, p &lt; 0.0001) compared to intact females. In this low-sterilization rate population, MTs developed in 35.1% of female dogs over their lifetime and was the cause of death in half of them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci8090184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T23:55:22Z","timestamp":1630972522000},"page":"184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Prevalence of Reproductive Disorders including Mammary Tumors and Associated Mortality in Female Dogs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Claire","family":"Beaudu-Lange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de la Pierre Bleue, 1 Rue de la Prairie, 35550 Pipriac, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Larrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Benjamin Franklin, 38 Rue du Danemark\/ZA Porte Oc\u00e9ane, 56400 Brech, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de la Pierre Bleue, 1 Rue de la Prairie, 35550 Pipriac, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Lecoq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de la Pierre Bleue, 1 Rue de la Prairie, 35550 Pipriac, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7203-2982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Oniris, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1988.9694142","article-title":"Canine mammary tumours: Protective effect of late ovariectomy and stimulating effect of progestins","volume":"10","author":"Misdorp","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vet. 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