{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:21:22Z","timestamp":1760235682628,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydramnios is an excessive accumulation of fluid within the amniotic compartment. It is a rare condition in mares, often associated with fetal anomalies. Hydrops of fetal membranes predisposes to the rupture of the prepubic tendon, and many authors suggest the induction of parturition to preserve mare\u2019s reproductive career. This report presents the case of a 15-year-old multiparous Quarter Horse mare, referred at 268 days of gestation for suspected hydrops. Repeated ultrasonographic exams confirmed an increase in the depth of the amniotic fluid and reduced fetal viability. During the hospitalization, the mare developed a partial rupture of the prepubic tendon. In this case, a conservative approach was elected, and the mare was treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and an abdominal support bandage. At 327 days of gestation, the mare gave birth to a foal with APGAR score 1. The resuscitation attempt was unsuccessful, and the foal died immediately. A post-mortem examination diagnosed a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with pleuroperitoneal diaphragmatic eventration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci8100201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T22:50:48Z","timestamp":1632351048000},"page":"201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fetal Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia and Hydramnios in a Quarter Horse Mare"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9828-4317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aliai","family":"Lanci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sora 50, Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Ingallinesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sora 50, Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5803-4487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Morini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sora 50, Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1645-2111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Freccero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sora 50, Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5533-7637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Castagnetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sora 50, Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41\/E, Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4881-3898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jole","family":"Mariella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sora 50, Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"334","article-title":"Hydramnios causing uterine rupture in a mare","volume":"193","author":"Honnas","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.204.09.1481","article-title":"Hydrops amnii in a mare","volume":"204","author":"Sertich","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"35","article-title":"Un caso di idramnios in una fattrice in gestazione avanzata","volume":"11","author":"Bucca","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ippologia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.8.1228","article-title":"Management of hydrops amnion in a mare resulting in birth of a live foal","volume":"228","author":"Christensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"45","article-title":"The fetal fluids of domestic animals","volume":"9","author":"Arthur","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.99.4.67","article-title":"Dropsy of the fetal sacs in mares: Induced and spontaneous abortion","volume":"99","author":"Vandeplassche","year":"1976","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Roberts, S.J. (1986). Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases (Theriogenology), David & Charles. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(77)90122-4","article-title":"The role of deglutition in the production of hydramnios","volume":"8","author":"Wintour","year":"1977","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12922","article-title":"Prepubic tendon rupture in the mare","volume":"32","author":"Jalim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Equine Vet. Educ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.2.257","article-title":"Body wall tears during late pregnancy in mares: 13 cases (1995\u20132006)","volume":"232","author":"Ross","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2019.02.015","article-title":"Comparison of Foaling Prediction Technologies in Periparturient Standardbred Mares","volume":"77","author":"Montanholi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.1999.tb00925.x","article-title":"Transrectal ultrasonographic evaluation of the normal equine placenta","volume":"11","author":"Renaudin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Equine Vet. Educ."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00308.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Fetus and Intrauterine Environment in Healthy Mares during Late Gestation","volume":"36","author":"Reef","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.05.011","article-title":"Assessment of feto-placental well-being in the mare from mid-gestation to term: Transrectal and transabdominal ultrasonographic features","volume":"64","author":"Bucca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.13280","article-title":"Ex vivo COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition in equine blood by phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, meloxicam and firocoxib: Informing clinical NSAID selection","volume":"33","author":"Fogle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Equine Vet. Educ."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1996.tb03773.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic assessment of fetal well-being during late gestation: Development of an equine biophysical profile","volume":"28","author":"Reef","year":"1996","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1984.tb01944.x","article-title":"Clinical chemistry reference values of foals during the first year of life","volume":"16","author":"Bauer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"144","article-title":"Postmortem examination of the equine placenta, fetus and neonate, methods and interpretation of findings","volume":"50","author":"Schlafer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Ass. Equine Pract."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12514","article-title":"Equine placenta\u2013A clinician\u2019s perspective. Part 2: Abnormalities","volume":"28","author":"Pozor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Equine Vet. Educ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90058-F","article-title":"Hydramnios in the third trimester of pregnancy:A change in the distribution of accompanying fetal anomalies as a result of early ultrasonographic prenatal diagnosis","volume":"162","author":"Ron","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F439","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.179341","article-title":"Persistent non-visualisation of the fetal stomach: Diagnostic and prognostic implications","volume":"95","author":"McKelvey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.07.006","article-title":"Sonographic appearance of the late gestation equine fetal intestine","volume":"138","author":"Agnew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Frazer, G. (2000). Hydrops, ruptures and torsions. Proc. Soc. Therio, 33\u201338."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Noakes, D.E., Parkinson, T.J., and England, G.C. (2019). Abnormalities of Development and Pregnancy in Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics. Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T\u0103b\u0103ran, A.F., Nagy, A.L., C\u0103toi, C., Morar, I., T\u0103b\u0103ran, A., Mihai, M., and Bolfa, P. (2015). Congenital diaphragmatic hernia with concurrent aplasia of the pericardium in a foal. BMC Vet. Res., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0623-2"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"28","article-title":"Diaphragmatic Hernia: Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis","volume":"3","author":"Kelmer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Compend. Equine"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65000-6","article-title":"Dual-Hit Hypothesis Explains Pulmonary Hypoplasia in the Nitrofen Model of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia","volume":"156","author":"Keijzer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1310","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00257.2002","article-title":"Diaphragm defects occur in a CDH hernia model independently of myogenesis and lung formation","volume":"283","author":"Babiuk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Mol. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/8\/10\/201\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:03:14Z","timestamp":1760166194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/8\/10\/201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci8100201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci8100201","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2306-7381"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]}}}