{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:35:21Z","timestamp":1791909321168,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review highlights the diagnostic methods used, the control strategies adopted, and the global epidemiological status of canine cyclic thrombocytopenia and granulocytic anaplasmosis at the animal\u2013human interface. Canine anaplasmosis is an important worldwide disease, mainly caused by Anaplasma platys and A. phagocytophilum with zoonotic implications. A. platys chiefly infects platelets in canids, while A. phagocytophilum is the most common zoonotic pathogen infecting neutrophils of various vertebrate hosts. Diagnosis is based on the identification of clinical signs, the recognition of intracellular inclusions observed by microscopic observation of stained blood smear, and\/or methods detecting antibodies or nucleic acids, although DNA sequencing is usually required to confirm the pathogenic strain. Serological cross-reactivity is the main problem in serodiagnosis. Prevalence varies from area to area depending on tick exposure. Tetracyclines are significant drugs for human and animal anaplasmosis. No universal vaccine is yet available that protects against diverse geographic strains. The control of canine anaplasmosis therefore relies on the detection of vectors\/reservoirs, control of tick vectors, and prevention of iatrogenic\/mechanical transmission. The control strategies for human anaplasmosis include reducing high-risk tick contact activities (such as gardening and hiking), careful blood transfusion, by passing immunosuppression, recognizing, and control of reservoirs\/vectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci8120312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T23:30:00Z","timestamp":1639006200000},"page":"312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Control of Canine Infectious Cyclic Thrombocytopenia and Granulocytic Anaplasmosis: Emerging Diseases of Veterinary and Public Health Significance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Farhan Ahmad","family":"Atif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Sub-Campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3557-9492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saba","family":"Mehnaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Sub-Campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Fiaz","family":"Qamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Sub-Campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taleeha","family":"Roheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry), University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Sohail","family":"Sajid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4716-6027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed","family":"Ehtisham-ul-Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Sub-Campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Kashif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Sub-Campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5567-4721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mourad","family":"Ben Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology at the National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016000238","article-title":"Alpha proteobacteria of genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae): Epidemiology and characteristics of Anaplasma species related to veterinary and public health importance","volume":"143","author":"Atif","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.01.003","article-title":"Anaplasma spp. in North Africa: A review on molecular epidemiology, associated risk factors and genetic characteristics","volume":"9","author":"Belkahia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/36.3.321","article-title":"Dermacentor hunteri (Acari: Ixodidae): An experimental vector of Anaplasma marginale and A. ovis (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) to calves and sheep","volume":"36","author":"Stiller","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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