{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:16:04Z","timestamp":1787030164348,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 7-year-old castrated male Labrador retriever was referred for evaluation of progressive hind limb paresis of 4 weeks\u2019 duration. On computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examination, masses were found in several regions including the lung, right kidney, and peritoneum. Additionally, an extradural mass at the region of T13\u2013L1 was identified, which is assumed to related to the chief complaint, progressive hind limb paresis. With the consent of the owner, a dorsal laminectomy was performed to remove the mass and surrounding tissues for the palliation of the hind limb paresis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical examination revealed the mass to be consistent with an undifferentiated (high-grade) pleomorphic sarcoma. The patient presented with recurrence of the hind limb paresis, respiratory discomfort, and urinary incontinence. The owner declined treatment and the dog was euthanized. Systemic metastasis was confirmed on postmortem microscopic examination. To the authors\u2019 knowledge, this is the first report describing multiple undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma with extradural involvement developing into the vertebral canal through the intervertebral space, resulting in spinal damage, in a dog.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9010003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T02:02:57Z","timestamp":1640224977000},"page":"3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multiple Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma) with Extradural Involvement in a 7-Year-Old Labrador Retriever"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kihoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaiho","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cheongna Gongam Animal Hospital, Incheon 22737, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2159-419X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyosung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9238-7238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanjun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5728-4820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaehwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2372-5269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunhee","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwiyool","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.5858\/2008-132-1030-MFHBTP","article-title":"Malignant fibrous histiocytoma: Between the past and the present","volume":"132","author":"Igbokwe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. 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