{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:46:56Z","timestamp":1760150816786,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Penile varicose veins are a rare lesion described in human medicine. A seven-year-old intact Akita inu male dog presented with a red penile neoformation. It was further referred for a specialist andrological examination. During the visit, ultrasonography of genital apparatus and cytology of the penile lesion were performed. A suspected neoformation of vascular origin was observed on ultrasonography. Cytology was inconclusive as composition of the sample revealed blood elements only. The neoformation was surgically removed and the excised sample was submitted for the histological examination, which revealed an anomalous varicose dilatation of the venous vascular structures. In human medicine, varicose veins are part of the spectrum of chronic venous disease and include spider telangiectasia, reticular veins, and true varicosities. Reports of penile localization of varicose veins is rare in human medicine and, to the best of our knowledge, it has never been reported in veterinary medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9020047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T22:01:57Z","timestamp":1643320917000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Penile Varicose Vein in Akita inu, 7-Year-Old Dog: A Clinico-Pathological Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Simona","family":"Attard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VRC\u2014Centro di Referenza Veterinario, 10138 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4653-0624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa Vera","family":"Muscatello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy"},{"name":"MyLav La Vallonea, Laboratorio di Analisi Veterinarie, 20017 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mazzullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5976-8503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Carmela","family":"Pisu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VRC\u2014Centro di Referenza Veterinario, 10138 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.008331","article-title":"Varicose Veins","volume":"12","author":"Piazza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.17116\/patol201779456-60","article-title":"Lower extremity varicose veins in childhood and at a young age: Mechanism of development and specific features","volume":"79","author":"Studennikova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arkhiv Patol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.1952","article-title":"Coil embolization of a congenital orbital varix in a dog","volume":"15","author":"Adkins","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12456","article-title":"Use of an intravenous sclerosing foam (3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate) for treatment of orbital varix in a dog","volume":"21","author":"Saunders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.115.11.263","article-title":"Persistent vaginal haemorrhage in five mares caused by varicose veins of the vaginal wall","volume":"15","author":"White","year":"1984","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-149-04-01","article-title":"Varicose Veins\u2014An Old Dog and Some New Tricks","volume":"149","author":"Garner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. R. Army Med. Corps"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"15","article-title":"Anatomy and pathophysiology of varicose veins","volume":"2","author":"Goldman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1159\/000082723","article-title":"Smooth muscle cell hypertrophy in varicose veins is associated with expression of estrogen receptor-beta","volume":"42","author":"Knaapen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)42746-9","article-title":"A syndrome of functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and sterility in a male with elevated serum estradiol","volume":"28","author":"Valenta","year":"1977","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod66.4.1161","article-title":"Differential expression of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the reproductive tracts of adult male dogs and cats","volume":"66","author":"Nie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.5625\/lar.2016.32.2.128","article-title":"Differential expression of estrogen receptor \u03b1 and progesterone receptor in the normal and cryptorchid testis of a dog","volume":"32","author":"Jung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Res."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/9\/2\/47\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:08:48Z","timestamp":1760134128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/9\/2\/47"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci9020047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci9020047","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2306-7381"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]}}}