{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:01:02Z","timestamp":1791313262416,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Internal Collaborative Project of Pasteur Institute of Tunis (PCI), with the reference: PCI-23 (2016-2017).","award":["PCI-23 (2016-2017)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI-23 (2016-2017)."]}]},{"name":"the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research through funds allocated to the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology (LR16IPT03)","award":["LR16IPT03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR16IPT03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the importance of eggs in the human diet, and unlike other products, for which food safety risks are widely investigated, information on the occurrence of Campylobacter and antimicrobial resistance in eggs and layer hen flocks is lacking in Tunisia. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of Campylobacter and the antimicrobial resistance in layer hens and on eggshells. Thus, 366 cloacal swabs and 86 eggshell smear samples were collected from five layer hen farms in the North-East of Tunisia. The occurrence of Campylobacter infection, and the antimicrobial resistance rates and patterns, were analyzed. The occurrence rates of Campylobacter infection in laying hens and eggshells were 42.3% and 25.6%, respectively, with a predominance of C. jejuni (68.4%, 81.9%), followed by C. coli (31.6%, 18.2%). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance rates against macrolides, tetracycline, quinolones, \u03b2-lactams, and chloramphenicol, with percentages ranging from 35.5% to 100%. All isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and five resistance patterns were observed. These results emphasized the risk to consumer health and the need to establish a surveillance strategy to control and prevent the emergence and the spread of resistant strains of Campylobacter in poultry and humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9030108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T21:31:47Z","timestamp":1646170307000},"page":"108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Campylobacter spp. in Eggs and Laying Hens in the North-East of Tunisia: High Prevalence and Multidrug-Resistance Phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Manel","family":"Gharbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awatef","family":"B\u00e9jaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cherif","family":"Ben Hamda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narjes","family":"Alaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safa","family":"Hamrouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghaith","family":"Bessoussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdeljelil","family":"Ghram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abderrazak","family":"Maaroufi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108382","article-title":"Prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in African food animals and meat: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"315","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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