{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:13:38Z","timestamp":1792790018935,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province","award":["202102AA310047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102AA310047"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2019YFA0110700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0110700"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Considerable improvements in sheep multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET)protocols have been made; however, unlike for cattle, MOET is poorly developed in sheep, and thus has not been broadly applicable as a routine procedure. The tightly folded nature of the ewe cervix, the inconsistent ovarian response to various superovulatory treatments, and the requirement of labor to handle animals, particularly during large-scale production, has limited the implementation of successful MOET in sheep. Moreover, several extrinsic factors (e.g., sources, the purity of gonadotrophins and their administration) and intrinsic factors (e.g., breed, age, nutrition, reproductive status) severely limit the practicability of MOET in sheep and other domestic animals. In this review, we summarize the effects of different superovulatory protocols, and their respective ovarian responses, in terms of ovulation rate, and embryo recovery and transfer. Furthermore, various strategies, such as inhibin immunization, conventional superovulation protocols, and melatonin implants for improving the ovarian response, are discussed in detail. Other reproductive techniques and their relative advantages and disadvantages, such as artificial insemination (AI), and donor embryo recovery and transfer to the recipient through different procedures, which must be taken into consideration for achieving satisfactory results during any MOET program in sheep, are also summarized in this article.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9030117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T20:40:38Z","timestamp":1646599238000},"page":"117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Towards Improving the Outcomes of Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer in Sheep, with Particular Focus on Donor Superovulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sami Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9575-5999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Ameen","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5663-1093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong-Jiang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubo","family":"Qing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenmin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00750","article-title":"Sheep and goat genome engineering: From random transgenesis to the CRISPR era","volume":"10","author":"Kalds","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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