{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:57:52Z","timestamp":1760151472707,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005187","name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005187","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mandibular protrusion and its treatment is challenging for the orthodontist. The aim of the present research was to identify macroscopic changes in the mandible, based on three-dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomography analysis. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into two equal groups, experimental (group A) and control (group B). Each consisted of three equal subgroups of 12 rats (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3). Full-cast orthodontic intraoral devices were attached to the maxillary incisors of the experimental animals, and effected functional posterior mandibular displacement. Throughout the experimental period, all animals were fed with mashed food. Animals were sacrificed at 30 days (A1, B1), 60 days (A2, B2) and 90 days (A3, B3). At the 60th day of the experiment, the orthodontic devices were removed from the remaining experimental subgroup A3. Measurements revealed significant differences in the anteroposterior dimensions between experimental and control subgroups. However, the observed changes in the vertical dimensions, Condylion\/Go\u2019\u2013Menton and the Intercondylar distance proved insignificant. Posterior mandibular displacement of the mandible in growing rats affects the morphology of the mandible and culminates in the development of a smaller mandible at a grown age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9030144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:37:17Z","timestamp":1647812237000},"page":"144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Three-Dimensional Analysis of Posterior Mandibular Displacement in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5897-6116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Lyros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Efstratios","family":"Ferdianakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6501-8709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Demetrios","family":"Halazonetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodoros","family":"Lykogeorgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cHatzikosta\u201d General Hospital of Messolonghi, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3331-1633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antigoni","family":"Alexiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6922-895X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantina-Eleni","family":"Alexiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Diagnosis & Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0734-8857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Georgaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Vardas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zafeiroula","family":"Yfanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Diagnosis & Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3019-5438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apostolos I.","family":"Tsolakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.25.4.024-032.oar","article-title":"Cephalometric and occlusal changes of Class III malocclusion treated with or without extractions","volume":"25","author":"Bombonatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent. 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