{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:13:28Z","timestamp":1790853208898,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009207","name":"Agrifutures Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRJ-011719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRJ-011719"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009207","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Equine pregnancy loss is frustrating and costly for horse breeders. The reproductive efficiency of mares has significant implications for a breeding operation\u2019s economic success, and widespread losses can have a trickle-down effect on those communities that rely on equine breeding operations. Understanding the causes and risks of equine pregnancy loss is essential for developing prevention and management strategies to reduce the occurrence and impact on the horse breeding industry. This PRISMA-guided scoping review identified 514 records on equine pregnancy loss and described the global spatiotemporal distribution of reported causes and syndromes. The multiple correspondence analysis identified seven clusters that grouped causes, syndromes, locations and pathology. Reasons for clustering should be the focus of future research as they might indicate undescribed risk factors associated with equine pregnancy loss. People engaged in the equine breeding industry work closely with horses and encounter equine bodily fluids, placental membranes, aborted foetuses, and stillborn foals. This close contact increases the risk of zoonotic disease transmission. Based on this review, research is required on equine abortion caused by zoonotic bacteria, including Chlamydia psittaci, Coxiella burnetii and Leptospira spp., because of the severe illness that can occur in people who become infected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9040186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T23:07:16Z","timestamp":1649891236000},"page":"186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Scoping Review of the Global Distribution of Causes and Syndromes Associated with Mid- to Late-Term Pregnancy Loss in Horses between 1960 and 2020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1807-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia M.","family":"Macleay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Carrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Specialist Consulting, Scone, NSW 2337, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Shearer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Begg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Laboratories Pty Ltd., New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Starling Scientific, Pearl Beach, NSW 2256, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Heller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia"},{"name":"Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Chicken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scone Equine Hospital, Scone, NSW 2337, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0963-4926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria J.","family":"Brookes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2008, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X456059","article-title":"Impact of reproductive efficiency over time and mare financial value on economic returns among Thoroughbred mares in central Kentucky","volume":"41","author":"Bosh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Equine Vet. 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