{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:10:12Z","timestamp":1788919812014,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Suture exostosis is an intriguing and not uncommon pathology that has to be included in the differential diagnosis for horses with swelling of the head. Although several singular case reports have been published, no large case series is available. The aim of this study is to report a multicentric retrospective collection of suture exostosis cases. Data concerning horses with suture exostosis in the facial region were collected retrospectively. Information regarding breed, age, gender, history, imaging findings, initiated treatment, response to treatment and follow up was recorded. One hundred and five cases of various breeds were reported. Analysis revealed the cases could be grouped into four entities: 45 developed following sino-nasal surgery, 23 following trauma, seven with underlying sinus pathology and 25 idiopathic. Treatment consisted of sequestra removal, plate fixation, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs or no treatment. Whereas initial localized pain fades within few days or weeks, resolution or reduction of the swelling was obtained in most cases after 3 months to 1.5 years. The etiopathogenesis of suture exostosis seems to consist of different entities. Identification of an underlying cause, particularly the presence of a bone sequester and infection is important to speed up resolution and before concluding an idiopathic case. When performing sinusotomies, it is important to provide as little trauma as possible to the surgical site in order to prevent suture exostosis as a complication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9070365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T01:53:22Z","timestamp":1658109202000},"page":"365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Equine Suture Exostosis: A Review of Cases from a Multicenter Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4174-6007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Verwilghen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia"},{"name":"Goulburn Valley Equine Hospital, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Easley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Easley Equine Dentistry, Shelbyville, KY 40065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Zwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Clinic Gessertshausen, 86459 Gessertshausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggy","family":"Uhlhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Department, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Grulke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Simhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine-Vets, 2371 Hinterbruhl, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Three Counties Equine Hospital, Stratford Bridge, Ripple, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire WR13 6NW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Liyou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Veterinary Dental Services, Grafton, NSW 2460, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Bodeus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire des Templiers, 6460 Chimay, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0444-2784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Zani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieven","family":"Vlaminck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gent, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Dental Clinic, Dorset WR13 6NW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Staszyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35390 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Bienert-Zeit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1136\/inpract.13.6.257","article-title":"Swellings of the head region in the horse","volume":"13","author":"Dixon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Practice"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12133","article-title":"Help Doc: My horse turned into Frankenstein","volume":"26","author":"Verwilghen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Equine Vet. 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