{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:31:13Z","timestamp":1788571873263,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although vascular plugs for the closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) have been validated in dogs, studies are lacking on its use as a first-choice device with a transjugular approach. The present case series describes the transvenous right jugular embolization of PDA using an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II in seven dogs of different ages, breeds, and body weights. Complete closure of the PDA was demonstrated in all cases. All dogs showed significant hemodynamic reduction of pulmonary overcirculation and left heart size after the procedure and at following echocardiographic check-ups. Transjugular PDA occlusion using an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II can thus be considered as a safe alternative to the arterial or venous femoral approach using an Amplatzer canine ductal occluder (ACDO), particularly in puppies with small femoral vessels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9080431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T03:40:32Z","timestamp":1660621232000},"page":"431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Transjugular Patent Ductus Arteriosus Occlusion in Seven Dogs Using the Amplatzer Vascular Plug II"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5247-3796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"Bagardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Anicura Clinica Veterinaria Orobica, Azzano San Paolo, 24052 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriol","family":"Domenech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, 28060 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8301-6582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Vezzosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Marchesotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, 28060 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Bini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, 28060 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Patata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, 28060 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Croce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, 28060 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Valenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Ospedale Veterinario Citt\u00e0 di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3132-0907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Venco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Ospedale Veterinario Citt\u00e0 di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.51.2.228","article-title":"The prevalence of spontaneously occurring cardiovascular disease in dogs","volume":"51","author":"Detweiler","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health Nations Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1965.tb49421.x","article-title":"The prevalence and types of cardiovascular disease in dogs","volume":"127","author":"Detweiler","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1024\/0036-7281.145.11.527","article-title":"Congenital cardiac diseases in dogs: A retrospective analysis","volume":"145","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Fox, P.R., Sisson, D.D., and Moise, N.S. (1999). Prevalence of cardiovascular disorders. Textbook of Canine and Feline Cardiology, WB Saunders Company. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"70","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of congenital cardiac anomalies (1977\u20131989)","volume":"20","author":"Hunt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. Pract."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2005.12.006","article-title":"Congenital heart diseases of puppies and kittens","volume":"36","author":"MacDonald","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0711.x","article-title":"Retrospective review of congenital heart disease in 976 Dogs","volume":"25","author":"Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1997.tb03326.x","article-title":"Retrospective study of congenital heart defects in 151 dogs","volume":"38","author":"Tidholm","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghirlanda, S., Acerbi, A., Herzog, H., and Serpell, J.A. (2013). Fashion vs. function in cultural evolution: The case of dog breed popularity. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074770"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghirlanda, S., Acerbi, A., and Herzog, H. (2014). Dog movie stars and dog breed popularity: A case study in media influence on choice. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106565"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1163\/156853006778882448","article-title":"Forty-two thousand and one Dalmatians: Fads, social contagion, and dog breed popularity","volume":"14","author":"Herzog","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc. Anim."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.11.1549","article-title":"Prevalence of inherited disorders among mixed-breed and purebred dogs: 27,254 cases (1995\u20132010)","volume":"242","author":"Bellumori","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brambilla, P.G., Polli, M., Pradelli, D., Papa, M., Rizzi, R., Bagardi, M., and Bussadori, C. (2020). Epidemiological study of congenital heart diseases in dogs: Prevalence, popularity, and volatility throughout twenty years of clinical practice. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.25.964262"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"68","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"9","author":"Buchanan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Semin. Vet. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"435","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus in the dog: Characteristics of occurrence and results of surgery in one hundred consecutive cases","volume":"168","author":"Eyster","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200868080-00004","article-title":"Management of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Congenital Systemic-to-Pulmonary Shunts and Eisenmengers Syndrome","volume":"68","author":"Galie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0185.x","article-title":"Transarterial ductal occlusion with the Amplatzer vascular plug in 31 dogs","volume":"22","author":"Achen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2005.12.004","article-title":"Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in a dog with a peripheral vascular occlusion device","volume":"8","author":"Hogan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2007.09.002","article-title":"The Amplatz canine duct occluder: A novel device for patent ductus arteriosus occlusion","volume":"9","author":"Nguyenba","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vet. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00255.x","article-title":"Transcatheter embolisation of patent ductus arteriosus using an Amplatzer vascular plug in six dogs","volume":"48","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00859.x","article-title":"Occlusion devices and approaches in canine patent ductus arteriosus: Comparison of outcomes","volume":"26","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16342","article-title":"Transvenous embolization of moderate to large patent ductus arteriosus in dogs using the Amplatzer vascular plug II","volume":"36","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2021.05.005","article-title":"The use of Amplatzer vascular plug II in 32 consecutive dogs for transvenous occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"41","author":"Belachsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vet. Card."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368e76","DOI":"10.3109\/00016925309136722","article-title":"Catheter replacement of the needle in percutaneous arteriography: A new technique","volume":"39","author":"Seldinger","year":"1953","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230490524274","article-title":"Common Vascular Changes in the Jugular Vein of Saline Controls in Continuous Infusion Studies in the Beagle Dog","volume":"32","author":"Lilbert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2005.05.007","article-title":"Balloon valvuloplasty of valvular pulmonic stenosis in the dog","volume":"20","author":"Schrope","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Tech. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/apc.APC_14_19","article-title":"Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in neonates with critical pulmonary stenosis: Jugular or femoral","volume":"13","author":"Hoetama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Pediatr. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medical Practice Committee and Council of the British Cardiac Society (1993). Choice of route for insertion of temporary pacing wires: Recommendations of the Medical Practice Committee and Council of the British Cardiac Society. Br. Heart J., 70, 592.","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.70.5.488"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-018-1987-4","article-title":"The Transjugular Approach: An Alternative Route to Improve Ablation Success in Right Anteriorly and Anterolaterally-Located Supraventricular Tachycardia Substrates in Children","volume":"40","author":"Bay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatric Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(92)90232-W","article-title":"Absorbable suture improves growth of venous anastomoses","volume":"16","author":"Gillinov","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Vas. Surg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12267","article-title":"Long-Term Outcome in Dogs with Patent Ductus Arteriosus: 520 Cases (1994\u20132009)","volume":"28","author":"Saunders","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02827.x","article-title":"Immediate and late outcomes of transarterial coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs","volume":"20","author":"Campbell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2010.04.004","article-title":"Transarterial ductal occlusion using the Amplatz canine duct occluder in 40 dogs","volume":"12","author":"Gordon","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2001.tb02315.x","article-title":"Transvenous embolization of small patent ductus arteriosus with single detachable coils in dogs","volume":"15","author":"Schneider","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2015.16.4.517","article-title":"Chitosan hemostatic dressing for control of hemorrhage from femoral arterial puncture site in dogs","volume":"16","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.20228","article-title":"New device for percutaneous closure of aortopulmonary collaterals","volume":"63","author":"Hijazi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1564810","article-title":"The Amplatzer vascular plug: Review of evolution and current applications","volume":"32","author":"Lopera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-012-0387-z","article-title":"The Amplatzer vascular plug: A review of the device and its clinical applications","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.24707","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus closure using the amplatzer (R) vascular plug II for all anatomic variants","volume":"81","author":"Delaney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/joic.12188","article-title":"Use of the Amplatzer vascular plug II device to occlude different types of patent ductus arteriosus in pediatric patients","volume":"28","author":"Garay","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Interv. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.22370","article-title":"The amplatzer vascular plug and amplatzer vascular plug II for vascular occlusion procedures in 50 patients with congenital cardiovascular disease","volume":"76","author":"Schwartz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"49","article-title":"Transjugular occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus using an Amplatz canine ductal occluder in a Cocker spaniel dog","volume":"50","author":"Choi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Korean J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2018.07.010","article-title":"Successful transcatheter retrieval of embolized Amplatz Canine Duct Occluders in two dogs","volume":"20","author":"Lavennes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vet. Card."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2010.04.002","article-title":"Transvenous occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in 56 consecutive dogs","volume":"12","author":"Blossom","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65e70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0637.x","article-title":"Transvenous coil embolization of patent ductus arteriosus in small (\u22643.0 kg) dogs","volume":"25","author":"Henrich","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/9\/8\/431\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:08:38Z","timestamp":1760141318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/9\/8\/431"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci9080431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci9080431","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-7381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]]}}}