{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:07:15Z","timestamp":1760231235818,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alpha2 receptor agonists are frequently used to provide sedation and analgesia in sheep. There are numerous reports of adverse pulmonary effects following intravenous (IV) injection; however, adverse effects following subarachnoid injection (SAI) are underreported. An adult Merino wether was one of eighteen animals anaesthetised during an experimental trial modelling intervertebral disc injury. The animal was premedicated with methadone 0.1 mg\/kg and midazolam 0.3 mg\/kg IV. Anaesthesia was induced using alfaxalone IV and it was maintained using isoflurane, delivered in 100% oxygen by controlled mechanical ventilation. An SAI of xylazine 0.05 mg\/kg diluted to 1 mL with 0.9% saline was performed at the lumbosacral site prior to recovery. This resulted in rapid narcosis, oxygen dependency and ventilatory compromise. Treatment with frusemide 1 mg\/kg IV and salbutamol 0.2 mg inhaled did not attenuate the adverse cardiopulmonary effects. A rapid improvement in all physiological variables was seen following high dose atipamezole 0.05 mg\/kg IV. This case report adds to the current knowledge regarding the risk for potential side effects when using alpha2 receptor agonists, such as xylazine, for the sedation or regional analgesia in sheep.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9090479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T20:50:27Z","timestamp":1662670227000},"page":"479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Adverse Reaction Following the Subarachnoid Injection of Xylazine in a Sheep"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9622-5938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaun","family":"Pratt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, Gatton Campus, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3535-2861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, Gatton Campus, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Ahern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, Gatton Campus, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1080-163X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, Gatton Campus, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hall, L.W., Clarke, K.W., and Trim, C.M. (2001). Veterinary Anaesthesia, W.B. Saunders. [10th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"A2-agonists in sheep: A review","volume":"33","author":"Kastner","year":"2006","journal-title":"VAA"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"11","article-title":"The effect of alpha 2 adrenergic agonist drugs and their antagonists on respiratory blood gases in conscious sheep","volume":"14","author":"Waterman","year":"1986","journal-title":"VAA"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"297","article-title":"The analgesic effects of intrathecal xylazine and detomidine in sheep and their antagonism with systemic atipamezole","volume":"32","author":"Schlegel","year":"2005","journal-title":"VAA"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.51","article-title":"Analgesic and systemic effects of ketamine, xylazine, and lidocaine after subarachnoid administration in goats","volume":"64","author":"DeRossi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. 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Analg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torrillas de la Cal, A., Paniagua-Torija, B., Arevalo-Martin, A., Faulkes, C.G., Jimenez, A.J., Ferrer, I., Molina-Holgado, E., and Garcia-Ovejero, D. (2021). The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092235"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H., and Walz, P.W. (2014). Pain management for farm animals. Farm Animal Anesthesia: Cattle, Small Ruminants, Camelids and Pigs, Wiley Blackwell. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118886700"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/9\/9\/479\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:23:25Z","timestamp":1760142205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/9\/9\/479"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci9090479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci9090479","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2306-7381"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]}}}