{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:16:04Z","timestamp":1787030164375,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: A commonly described analgesic protocol for ovariohysterectomy (OHE) combines systemic opioids, sedatives, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, systemic analgesia does not fully prevent perioperative visceral and somatic pain triggered by the surgical stimulus. Objectives: To compare the analgesic effects and quality of recovery of systemic analgesia with those of a sacrococcygeal epidural injection of lidocaine and morphine in cats undergoing elective OHE. Methods: Twenty domestic female cats were premedicated with dexmedetomidine (0.01 mg kg\u22121 IM) and alfaxalone (1.5 mg kg\u22121 IM) and randomly assigned to one of two analgesic protocols: methadone (0.2 mg kg\u22121 IM) in the control group CTR (n = 10) and methadone (0.1 mg kg\u22121 IM) + epidural lidocaine 2% (0.3 mL kg\u22121) + morphine 1% (0.1 mg kg\u22121) diluted with NaCl 0.9% to a total volume of 1.5 mL in the SCC-E group (n = 10). General anaesthesia was induced with alfaxalone (1 mg kg\u22121 IV) and maintained with sevoflurane in 100% oxygen. Non-invasive blood arterial pressure and cardiorespiratory variables were recorded. The quality of recovery was assessed using a simple descriptive scale. Before surgery and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 h post-op pain was assessed using the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale (MCPS) and mechanical nociception thresholds (MNT). The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare groups over time. Comparison between groups was performed using independent samples t-test if the assumption of normality was verified, or the Mann\u2013Whitney test. The chi-square test of independence and exact Fisher\u2019s test were used to compare groups according to recovery quality. Results: Heart rate and systolic arterial pressure increased significantly from baseline values in the CTR group and did not change in the SCC-E group. In the CTR group, MNT and UNESP-Botucatu-MCPS scores increased significantly from baseline for all assessment points and the first 3 h, respectively, whereas this did not occur in the SCC-E group. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Based on our results, the SCC-E administration of lidocaine 2% with morphine 1% is a reasonable option to provide perioperative analgesia in cats submitted to OHE, compared to a systemic protocol alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9110623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T02:44:32Z","timestamp":1667961872000},"page":"623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Antinociceptive Effect of a Sacro-Coccygeal Epidural of Morphine and Lidocaine in Cats Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3898-985X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Am\u00e2ndio","family":"Dourado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Hospital of Porto, 4250-475 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5134-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Hospital of Porto, 4250-475 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Hospital of Porto, 4250-475 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Hospital of Porto, 4250-475 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CECA\u2014Center for Animal Science Studies, University of Porto, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusophone University of Humanities and Technology, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2383-5206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge T.","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV\u2014Center for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"AL4AnimalS\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5049-4473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel R.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV\u2014Center for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"AL4AnimalS\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Pinelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley RH1 4QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.7.898","article-title":"Epidemiology of Surgical Castration of Dogs and Cats in the United States","volume":"238","author":"Trevejo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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