{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:04:32Z","timestamp":1791360272785,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CGIAR Trust Fund","award":["OPP1127286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1127286"]}]},{"name":"CGIAR Trust Fund","award":["BBS\/E\/D\/30002275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBS\/E\/D\/30002275"]}]},{"name":"Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation and with UK aid from the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office","award":["OPP1127286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1127286"]}]},{"name":"Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation and with UK aid from the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office","award":["BBS\/E\/D\/30002275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBS\/E\/D\/30002275"]}]},{"name":"BBSRC","award":["OPP1127286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1127286"]}]},{"name":"BBSRC","award":["BBS\/E\/D\/30002275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBS\/E\/D\/30002275"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Q fever is a zoonotic disease, resulting from infection with Coxiella burnetii. Infection in cattle can cause abortion and infertility, however, there is little epidemiological information regarding the disease in dairy cattle in Tanzania. Between July 2019 and October 2020, a serosurvey was conducted in six high dairy producing regions of Tanzania. Cattle sera were tested for antibodies to C. burnetii using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A mixed effect logistic regression model identified risk factors associated with C. burnetii seropositivity. A total of 79 out of 2049 dairy cattle tested positive with an overall seroprevalence of 3.9% (95% CI 3.06\u20134.78) across the six regions with the highest seroprevalence in Tanga region (8.21%, 95% CI 6.0\u201310.89). Risk factors associated with seropositivity included: extensive feeding management (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.25\u20133.77), and low precipitation below 1000 mm (OR 2.76, 95% 1.37\u20137.21). The disease seroprevalence is relatively low in the high dairy cattle producing regions of Tanzania. Due to the zoonotic potential of the disease, future efforts should employ a \u201cOne Health\u201d approach to understand the epidemiology, and for interdisciplinary control to reduce the impacts on animal and human health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9120662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T09:09:42Z","timestamp":1669626582000},"page":"662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) Exposure in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4382-2448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shedrack Festo","family":"Bwatota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7768-711X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Mkilema","family":"Shirima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2342-1655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis E.","family":"Hernandez-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Epidemiology, Economics and Risk Assessment (EERA) Group, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3271-8485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barend Mark de Clare","family":"Bronsvoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Epidemiology, Economics and Risk Assessment (EERA) Group, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2803-0055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick","family":"Wheelhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4051-4079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac Joseph","family":"Mengele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"},{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"},{"name":"Tanzania Veteriary Laboratory Agency, Dodoma P.O. Box 1752, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabani Kiyabo","family":"Motto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"},{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA), Central Veterinary Laboratory, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 9254, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Mushumbusi","family":"Komwihangilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI), Dodoma P.O. Box 834, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliamoni","family":"Lyatuu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Mwenge Coca-Cola Road, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 34441, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6081-8363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth Anne Jessie","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"},{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO-FAO-OIE (2022, January 15). Report of the WHO\/FAO\/OIE Joint Consultation on in Collaboration with the Health Council of the Netherlands. Available online: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/68899\/1\/WHO_CDS_CPE_ZFK_2004.9.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"WHO (2022, January 22). Health Aspects of Chemical and Biological weapons [Internet]. Available online: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/39444\/24039.pdf;jsessionid=70C7808FC223D73879EF96039F797E58?sequence=1."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"222","article-title":"Q fever\u2014selected issues","volume":"20","author":"Cieslik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"ILRI (2022, July 22). Mapping of poverty and likely zoonoses hotspots [Internet]. 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