{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T07:06:58Z","timestamp":1772003218779,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reverse sneezing (RS) is a frequent reason for veterinary consultation, but there is scarce clinical information. The aim of this study was to describe clinical characteristics in a cohort of 30 dogs with RS. Signalment, clinical features, results of diagnostic tests, final diagnosis, and evolution were retrospectively evaluated. Sex and neuter status were equally distributed into diagnosis categories. A significantly higher representation of toys (&lt;5 kg, 50%) and small-sized dogs (5\u201315 kg, 27%), in comparison to medium (15\u201330 kg, 17%) and large-sized dogs (&gt;30 kg, 7%), was found. RS was the main owner concern in many of the cases (67%). Many cases presented chronic RS (60%, &gt; 3 months), with more than one episode a week (60%). Most cases had an additional clinical respiratory sign (63%) and an unremarkable physical examination (63%). Inflammatory airway disorders were present in 57% of the cases, followed by anatomical\u2013functional disorders (27%), and nasal\/nasopharyngeal foreign bodies (10%). Two dogs (7%) remained as open diagnoses. Episodes of RS were persistent despite the treatment in 61% of the dogs with follow-up. Although some dogs manifest infrequent episodes of RS, being otherwise normal, RS should be considered a marker of potential irritation of the nasopharyngeal mucosa and should always be sufficiently investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9120665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T02:09:58Z","timestamp":1669687798000},"page":"665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reverse Sneezing in Dogs: Observational Study in 30 Cases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9771-2458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Talavera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Cardiology-Pulmonology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Sebasti\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Cardiology-Pulmonology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Santarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Cardiology-Pulmonology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Barrales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7766-1921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Josefa","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez del Palacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Cardiology-Pulmonology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"King, L.G. 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Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases of the Dog and Cats, Taylor & Francis Group.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315373065"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/9\/12\/665\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:28:51Z","timestamp":1760146131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/9\/12\/665"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci9120665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci9120665","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-7381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]}}}