{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:16:30Z","timestamp":1793171790282,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The importance of assessing neurochemical processes in the cetacean brain as a tool for monitoring their cognitive health and to indirectly model human neurodegenerative conditions is increasingly evident, although available data are largely semiquantitative. High-resolution MRI for post-mortem brains and stereology allow for quantitative assessments of the cetacean brain. In this study, we scanned two brains of bottlenose dolphins in a 7-Tesla (7T) MR scanner and assessed the connectivity of the inferior colliculi and ventral cochlear nuclei using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Serial thick sections were investigated stereologically in one of the dolphins to generate rigorous quantitative estimates of identifiable cell types according to their morphology and expression of molecular markers, yielding reliable cell counts with most coefficients of error &lt;10%. Fibronectin immunoreactivity in the dolphin resembled the pattern in a human chronic traumatic encephalopathy brain, suggesting that neurochemical compensation for insults such as hypoxia may constitute a noxious response in humans, while being physiological in dolphins. These data contribute to a growing body of knowledge on the morphological and neurochemical properties of the dolphin brain and highlight a stereological and neuroimaging workflow that may enable quantitative and translational assessment of pathological processes in the dolphin brain in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9120692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T04:32:48Z","timestamp":1670905968000},"page":"692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Multimodal Assessment of Bottlenose Dolphin Auditory Nuclei Using 7-Tesla MRI, Immunohistochemistry and Stereology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6664-494X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ksenia","family":"Orekhova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5350-4566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enna","family":"Selmanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"De Gasperi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY 10468, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Gama Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"General Medical Research Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY 10468, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget","family":"Wicinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8741-8458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigid","family":"Maloney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Vocal Learning, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Seifert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (BMEII), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akbar","family":"Alipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (BMEII), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priti","family":"Balchandani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (BMEII), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Gerussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1974-8356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Gra\u00efc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7577-2107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Centelleghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4592-1084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Di Guardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4756-1871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandro","family":"Mazzariol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick R.","family":"Hof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20258","article-title":"Cortical complexity in cetacean brains","volume":"287","author":"Hof","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anat. 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