{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:31:27Z","timestamp":1785407487928,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2024-161331NB-I00 (MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2024-161331NB-I00 (MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2023-152078NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-152078NB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PID2024-161331NB-I00 (MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2024-161331NB-I00 (MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033)"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05r0vyz12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PID2023-152078NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-152078NB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05r0vyz12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIAICO\/2024\/198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIAICO\/2024\/198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["CIAICO\/2024\/198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIAICO\/2024\/198"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0097mvx21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vision"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Subtitles often attract visual attention even when they are not necessary for comprehension. In the present eye-tracking experiment, we examined whether attention to subtitles in instructional videos varies as a function of audio\u2013subtitle language\u2013script pairing in Hindi\u2013English bilinguals with an English-medium instruction (EMI) background. Native Hindi participants viewed videos in three conditions: English audio with English subtitles (L2\u2013L2), Hindi audio with Hindi subtitles (L1\u2013L1), and English audio with Hindi subtitles (L2\u2013L1). In the L2\u2013L2 condition, gaze was distributed similarly across speakers\u2019 faces and subtitles. In contrast, in both Hindi-subtitle formats, viewers allocated more dwell time to the speakers\u2019 faces than to the subtitles. Comprehension scores did not differ significantly across conditions. These findings suggest that subtitle engagement among EMI bilinguals is not solely determined by the presence of subtitles but is also modulated by the properties and perceived utility of the written channel. More generally, our results caution against the view that subtitle engagement is uniformly automatic across multilingual instructional settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vision10020036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T18:35:05Z","timestamp":1782239705000},"page":"36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Subtitle Engagement Varies with Audio\u2013Subtitle Language\u2013Script Pairing: Evidence from Hindi\u2013English Bilinguals with an English-Medium Instruction Background"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3888-6129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inka","family":"Romero-Ortells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Nebrija en Cognici\u00f3n (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, 28043 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3291-1365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Perea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Nebrija en Cognici\u00f3n (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, 28043 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Metodologia de les Ci\u00e8ncies del Comportament and ERI Lectura, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6569-2138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Gutierrez-Sigut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK"},{"name":"DCAL Research Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3312-8559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon Andoni","family":"Du\u00f1abeitia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Nebrija en Cognici\u00f3n (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, 28043 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1353\/aad.2012.0093","article-title":"Eye movement patterns of captioned television viewers","volume":"145","author":"Jensema","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. 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