{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T14:25:31Z","timestamp":1783347931709,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vision"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Keratoconus is a progressive corneal ectasia that results in substantial visual impairment and imposes a significant functional and psychosocial burden on affected individuals. Despite evidence suggesting earlier onset and a potentially more aggressive disease course of keratoconus in Saudi populations, there is a significant lack of region-specific data evaluating vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in Riyadh. This cross-sectional study conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, evaluated VRQoL in individuals with keratoconus using the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25). Data were obtained from January to March 2025 through an online, structured, self-administered questionnaire. A total of 1007 participants were included, of whom 299 (29.7%) reported a diagnosis of keratoconus. The mean composite NEI-VFQ-25 score among participants with keratoconus was 61.0 \u00b1 15.8, reflecting moderate impairment in VRQoL. Reduced VRQoL was significantly associated with eye-rubbing behavior, including both frequency (p = 0.027) and method (p = 0.026). The results highlight the importance of early detection and the relevance of eye-rubbing behavior in relation to reduced VRQoL, while supporting the need for longitudinal research to further clarify these associations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vision10030041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T12:01:37Z","timestamp":1783339297000},"page":"41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Behavioral and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Vision-Related Quality of Life in Keratoconus: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7792-459X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seham","family":"Alsalamah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"Abosabaah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghadah","family":"Alhabs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2114-8784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lujain","family":"Marghlani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmood","family":"Showail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2656-0714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taghreed","family":"Alnahedh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Affairs, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Optometry Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2665-0613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]},"container-title":["Vision"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5150\/10\/3\/41\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T13:56:14Z","timestamp":1783346174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5150\/10\/3\/41"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["vision10030041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vision10030041","relation":{},"ISSN":["2411-5150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2411-5150","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]}}}