{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T04:43:59Z","timestamp":1786164239851,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5T35EY007151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T35EY007151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["5T35EY007151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T35EY007151"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ohio State University Clinical and Translational Science Institute","award":["5UM1TR004548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5UM1TR004548"]}]},{"name":"Department of Defense (DOD) Research Participation Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040vxhp34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DE-SC0014664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0014664"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["DE-SC0014664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0014664"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01bj3aw27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vision"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies suggest that anticipation in sports-related tasks is better if the task maintains the coupling of perception and action required in competition. Study 1 addressed the question of whether gaze tracking varies between coupled tasks in baseball and softball batters. Fifteen subjects executed either a coupled task (partially swinging a bat at an approaching ball) or an uncoupled task (predicting the passing height of an approaching ball). The ball was stopped by a net 8 feet (2.44 m) in front of the subject. Rapid gaze shifts occurred for 53.0% of the pitches in the uncoupled task, and for 39.7% of the pitches in the coupled task (p = 0.039). The number of predictive gaze shifts toward the terminal ball location in each condition (i.e., the expected location of bat\u2013ball contact in the coupled condition, and the observer in the uncoupled condition) did not vary between the conditions (p = 0.388). Study 2 examined whether gaze fixations on the net found in Study 1 occurred because passing height judgments could not be improved at distances closer than 8 feet from the observer. Passing height judgments were lower when the ball was allowed to pass by the observer, suggesting that subjects processed trajectory information within 8 feet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vision10030051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T08:08:02Z","timestamp":1786003682000},"page":"51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gaze Tracking of Pitched Balls in Coupled and Uncoupled Tasks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1936-3954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mason","family":"Clutter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, 338 West Tenth Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Fogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, 338 West Tenth Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015591","article-title":"A model of motor inhibition for a complex skill: Baseball batting","volume":"15","author":"Gray","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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