{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:11:54Z","timestamp":1792084314420,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vision"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As life expectancy grows, so too will the number of people adversely affected by age. Although it is acknowledged that many conditions and diseases are associated with age, this mini-review will present a current update of the various visual changes that generally occur in healthy individuals disregarding the possible effects of illness. These alterations influence how the world is perceived and in turn can affect efficiency or the ability to perform ordinary daily tasks such as driving or reading. The most common physical developments include a decreased pupil size and retinal luminance as well as changes both in intercellular and intracellular connections within the retina along the pathway to the visual cortex and within the visual cortex. The quantity and the physical location of retinal cells including photoreceptors, ganglion and bipolar retinal cells are modified. The clarity of intraocular organs, such as the intraocular lens, decreases. These all result in common visual manifestations that include reduced visual acuity, dry eyes, motility changes, a contraction of the visual field, presbyopia, reduced contrast sensitivity, slow dark adaptation, recovery from glare, variation in color vision and a decreased visual processing speed. Highlighting these prevalent issues as well as current and possible future innovations will assist providers to formulate treatments and thereby conserve maximum independence and mobility in the modern mature population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vision5040046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T01:59:47Z","timestamp":1633917587000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Vision through Healthy Aging Eyes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nir","family":"Erdinest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6935-3275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi","family":"London","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Even Israel 5, Jerusalem 94228, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itay","family":"Lavy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yair","family":"Morad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Zerifin 70300, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadav","family":"Levinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"},{"name":"Enaim Refractive Surgery Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Jerusalem 94383, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-017-0085-7","article-title":"A review of presbyopia treatment with corneal inlays","volume":"6","author":"Moarefi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. 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