{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:14:31Z","timestamp":1787030071162,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vision"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Smartphone apps are becoming increasingly popular in ophthalmology, one specific area of their application being toric intraocular lens (IOL) surgery for astigmatism correction. Our objective was to identify, review and objectively score smartphone apps applicable to toric IOL calculation and\/or axis alignment. This review was divided into three phases. A review was conducted on four major app databases (phase I): National Health Service (NHS) Apps Library, Google Play Store, Apple App Store and Amazon Appstore. A systematic literature review (phase II) was conducted to identify studies for included apps in phase I of our study. Keywords used in both searches included: \u201ctoric lens\u201d, \u201ctoric IOL\u201d, \u201crefraction\u201d, \u201castigmatism\u201d, \u201cophthalmology\u201d, \u201ceye calculator\u201d, \u201cophthalmology calculator\u201d and \u201crefractive calculator\u201d. Included apps were objectively scored (phase III) by three independent reviewers using the mobile app rating scale (MARS), a validated tool that ranks the quality of mobile health apps using a calculated mean app quality (MAQ) score. Phase I of our study screened 2428 smartphone apps, of which six apps for toric IOL calculation and four apps for axis marking were eligible and were selected for quantitative analysis. Phase II of our study screened 477 studies from PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. Three studies validating two apps (toriCAM, iToric Patwardhan) in a clinical setting as adjunct tools for preoperative axis marking were identified. Phase III ranked Toric Calculator for iPhone (Apple iOS, MAQ 4.13; average MAQ 3.34 \u00b1 0.54) as the highest-scoring toric IOL calculator, and iToric Patwardhan (Android OS, MAQ 4.13; average MAQ 3.41 \u00b1 0.44) was the highest-scoring axis marker in our study. Our review identified and objectively scored ten smartphone apps available for toric IOL surgery adjuncts. Toric Calculator for iPhone and iToric Patwardhan were the highest-scoring toric IOL calculator and axis marker, respectively. Current literature, though limited, suggests that axis marking smartphone apps can achieve similar levels of misalignment reduction when compared to digital systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vision6010013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T08:34:47Z","timestamp":1645432487000},"page":"13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Review of Smartphone Apps Used for Toric Intraocular Lens Calculation and Alignment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Yarrow","family":"Scantling-Birch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton BN2 5BF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7668-3168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan","family":"Naveed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maidstone Hospital, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Maidstone ME16 9QQ, UK"},{"name":"Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer Campus, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritika","family":"Mukhija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton BN2 5BF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0667-3700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayank A.","family":"Nanavaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton BN2 5BF, UK"},{"name":"Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer Campus, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.06.007","article-title":"Toric Intraocular Lenses versus Peripheral Corneal Relaxing Incisions for Astigmatism between 0.75 and 2.5 Diopters during Cataract Surgery","volume":"180","author":"Nanavaty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. 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