{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T13:01:26Z","timestamp":1771851686128,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vision"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This retrospective study evaluates the effectiveness of combining 0.05% atropine with MF60 contact lenses in managing rapid myopia progression in children over one year. The study involved three groups: the treatment group (TG) with 15 children (53% male, average age 12.9 \u00b1 1.04), the MF group (MF) with 12 children (50% male, average age 12.8 \u00b1 0.8) using only MF60 lenses, and the control group (CG) with 14 children (43% male, average age 12.1 \u00b1 0.76). Baseline myopia and axial length (AL) were similar across groups, with the TG, MF, and CG showing \u22124.02 \u00b1 0.70 D, \u22124.18 \u00b1 0.89 D, \u22123.86 \u00b1 0.99 D, and 24.72 \u00b1 0.73 mm, 24.98 \u00b1 0.70 mm, 24.59 \u00b1 1.02 mm, respectively. Prior to the study, all groups exhibited significant myopia and AL progression, with no previous myopia control management. The treatment involved daily 0.05% atropine instillation, the use of MF60 lenses and increased outdoor activity. Biannual cycloplegic refraction and slit lamp evaluations confirmed no adverse reactions. After one year, the TG showed a significant reduction in myopia and AL progression (\u22120.43 \u00b1 0.46 D, p &lt; 0.01; 0.22 \u00b1 0.23 mm, p &lt; 0.01), whereas the CG showed minimal change (\u22121.30 \u00b1 0.43 D, p = 0.36; 0.65 \u00b1 0.35 mm, p = 0.533). The MF group also exhibited a notable decrease (\u22120.74 \u00b1 0.45 D, p &lt; 0.01; 0.36 \u00b1 0.23 mm). Increased outdoor activity during the treatment year did not significantly impact myopia control, suggesting its limited additional effect in this cohort. The study concludes that the combination of 0.05% atropine and peripheral defocus soft contact lenses effectively controls myopia progression in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vision8010003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T07:00:32Z","timestamp":1705647632000},"page":"3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Treatment of Rapid Progression of Myopia: Topical Atropine 0.05% and MF60 Contact Lenses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3327-0173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nir","family":"Erdinest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190500, Israel"},{"name":"The Myopia Center, Petach Tikva 4900519, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Atar-Vardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin 7033001, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6935-3275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi","family":"London","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, 5 Even Israel, Jerusalem 9422805, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Landau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190500, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4168-056X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Smadja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190500, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eran","family":"Pras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin 7033001, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itay","family":"Lavy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190500, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yair","family":"Morad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Myopia Center, Petach Tikva 4900519, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin 7033001, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"602","article-title":"Epidemiology of myopia and prevention of myopia progression in children in East Asia: A review","volume":"24","author":"Mak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.05.029","article-title":"Low-concentration atropine for myopia progression (LAMP) study: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01% atropine eye drops in myopia control","volume":"126","author":"Yam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Tang, W.C., Leung, M., Wong, A.C., To, C.-H., and Lam, C.S. (2020). Updates on Myopia, Springer."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.3.7","article-title":"Causal Relationships between Glycemic Traits and Myopia","volume":"64","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672121998903","article-title":"Low concentration atropine combined with orthokeratology in the treatment of axial elongation in children with myopia: A meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13736","article-title":"Western Australia Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia (WA-ATOM) study: Rationale, methodology and participant baseline characteristics","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12750","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69710-8","article-title":"Efficacy of combined orthokeratology and 0.01% atropine solution for slowing axial elongation in children with myopia: A 2-year randomised trial","volume":"10","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12967","article-title":"Which low-dose atropine for myopia control?","volume":"103","author":"Khanal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optom."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01356-x","article-title":"Part-time use of 1% atropine eye drops for prevention of myopia progression in children","volume":"40","author":"Foo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314819","article-title":"Low-dose (0.01%) atropine eye-drops to reduce progression of myopia in children: A multicentre placebo-controlled randomised trial in the UK (CHAMP-UK)\u2014Study protocol","volume":"104","author":"Logan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.2097","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of 0.01% and 0.02% Atropine for the Treatment of Pediatric Myopia Progression over 3 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"10","author":"Zadnik","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.2855","article-title":"Low-dose 0.01% atropine eye drops vs placebo for myopia control: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"141","author":"Repka","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1159\/000519629","article-title":"Treatment of Rapid Progression of Myopia: Case Series and Literature Review","volume":"12","author":"Erdinest","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004977","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1004977","article-title":"Myopia: Mechanisms and strategies to slow down its progression","volume":"2022","author":"Russo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.3542","article-title":"Effect of text messaging parents of school-aged children on outdoor time to control myopia: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"176","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047116","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1047116","article-title":"Research trends and hotspots in the relationship between outdoor activities and myopia: A bibliometric analysis based on the web of science database from 2006 to 2021","volume":"10","author":"Mu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1099","article-title":"Effect of outdoor time on the incidence of myopia among primary school students in 9 provinces of China","volume":"43","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-319306","article-title":"Interventions recommended for myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents in China: A systematic review","volume":"107","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1097","article-title":"Outdoor Scene Classrooms to Arrest Myopia: Design and Baseline Characteristics","volume":"10","author":"Yi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001975","article-title":"Myopia and Its Association with Near Work, Outdoor Time, and Housing Type among Schoolchildren in South India","volume":"100","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philipp, D., Vogel, M., Brandt, M., Rauscher, F.G., Hiemisch, A., Wahl, S., Kiess, W., and Poulain, T. (2022). The relationship between myopia and near work, time outdoors and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents. BMC Public Health, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14377-1"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318269c90d","article-title":"Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8) and opinion of contact lens performance","volume":"89","author":"Chalmers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-022-00572-1","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Consecutive Use of 1% and 0.01% Atropine for Myopia Control in Chinese Children: The Atropine for Children and Adolescent Myopia Progression Study","volume":"11","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001884","article-title":"Effect of Combining 0.01% Atropine with Soft Multifocal Contact Lenses on Myopia Progression in Children","volume":"99","author":"Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100923","article-title":"Efficacy in myopia control","volume":"83","author":"Brennan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000677","article-title":"Biological Mechanisms of Atropine Control of Myopia","volume":"46","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12676","article-title":"Myopia management in the Netherlands","volume":"40","author":"Polling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.39365","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 1% atropine on retardation of moderate myopia progression in Chinese school children","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chierigo, A., Ferro Desideri, L., Traverso, C.E., and Vagge, A. (2022). The Role of Atropine in Preventing Myopia Progression: An Update. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14050900"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.10.33","article-title":"Efficacy comparison of repeated low-level red light and low-dose atropine for myopia control: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, C., Cai, C., Ding, Q., and Dai, H. (2020). Efficacy and safety of atropine to control myopia progression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01746-w"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.004","article-title":"Five-year clinical trial on atropine for the treatment of myopia 2: Myopia control with atropine 0.01% eyedrops","volume":"123","author":"Chia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.10.002","article-title":"Three-Year clinical trial of low-concentration atropine for myopia progression (lamp) study: Continued versus washout: Phase 3 report","volume":"129","author":"Yam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001410","article-title":"A 3-year randomized clinical trial of MiSight lenses for myopia control","volume":"96","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001106","article-title":"A randomized trial of soft multifocal contact lenses for myopia control: Baseline data and methods","volume":"94","author":"Walline","year":"2017","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci. Off. Publ. Am. Acad. Optom."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_31_22","article-title":"Myopia control utilizing low-dose atropine as an isolated therapy or in combination with other optical measures: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Erdinest","year":"2023","journal-title":"Taiwan J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1159\/000515568","article-title":"Myopia control with combination low-dose atropine and peripheral Defocus soft contact lenses: A case series","volume":"12","author":"Erdinest","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2022.0125","article-title":"Peripheral Defocus and Myopia Management: A Mini-Review","volume":"37","author":"Erdinest","year":"2023","journal-title":"Korean J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.TJO-D-22-00100","article-title":"Peripheral defocus as it relates to myopia progression: A mini-review","volume":"14","author":"Erdinest","year":"2023","journal-title":"Taiwan J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0139-7","article-title":"Update in myopia and treatment strategy of atropine use in myopia control","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.12.014","article-title":"The Association of Choroidal Thickening by Atropine With Treatment Effects for Myopia: Two-Year Clinical Trial of the Low-concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study","volume":"237","author":"Yam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nucci, P., Lembo, A., Schiavetti, I., Shah, R., Edgar, D.F., and Evans, B.J.W. (2023). A comparison of myopia control in European children and adolescents with defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacles, atropine, and combined DIMS\/atropine. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281816"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2022.05.005","article-title":"Efficacy of atropine, orthokeratology, and combined atropine with orthokeratology for childhood myopia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tsai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13029","article-title":"The synergistic efficacy and safety of combined low-concentration atropine and orthokeratology for slowing the progression of myopia: A meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00755-4","article-title":"Add-On Effect of 0.01% Atropine in Orthokeratology Wearers for Myopia Control in Children: A 2-Year Retrospective Study","volume":"12","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, S., Du, L., Ji, N., Li, B., Pang, X., Ma, N., Huang, C., and Fu, A. (2022). Combination of orthokeratology lens with 0.01% atropine in slowing axial elongation in children with myopia: A randomized double-blinded clinical trial. BMC Ophthalmol., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02635-0"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-023-00339-0","article-title":"Retinal image quality in myopic children undergoing orthokeratology alone or combined with 0.01% atropine","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye Vis."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"1069","article-title":"Two-year add-on effect of using low concentration atropine in poor responders of orthokeratology in myopic children","volume":"106","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000848","article-title":"Orthokeratology lenses versus administration of 0.01% atropine eye drops for axial length elongation in children with myopic anisometropia","volume":"48","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001753","article-title":"The effects of center-near and center-distance multifocal contact lenses on peripheral defocus and visual acuity","volume":"98","author":"Hair","year":"2021","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12903","article-title":"Retinal defocus in myopes wearing dual-focus zonal contact lenses","volume":"42","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.12.011","article-title":"Myopia prevention and outdoor light intensity in a school-based cluster randomized trial","volume":"125","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.12.019","article-title":"Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children","volume":"115","author":"Rose","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.11.009","article-title":"Outdoor activity during class recess reduces myopia onset and progression in school children","volume":"120","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3524","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1118","article-title":"Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia","volume":"48","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."}],"container-title":["Vision"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5150\/8\/1\/3\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:45:58Z","timestamp":1760103958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5150\/8\/1\/3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["vision8010003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vision8010003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2411-5150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2411-5150","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]}}}