{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:09:55Z","timestamp":1792012195336,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["956720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["956720"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vision"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: With age, there is an anterior shift of the ciliary body in the eye, which alters the angle of zonular insertion in older eyes compared with younger eyes. This study aims to simulate lens accommodation with different zonular angles to consider the influence of zonular position on lens accommodative capacity. Methods: Models were constructed based on lenses aged 11, 29, and 45 years using a 2D axisymmetric structure that included a capsule, cortex, nucleus, and zonular fibers. The different zonular fibers were simulated by changing the position of the point where the zonular fibers connect to the ciliary body. The effect of the different zonular fiber insertion angles on the model shape and optical power was analyzed. Results: The models show that smaller angles made by zonular fibers to the surface of the lens lead to larger optical power changes with simulated stretching. When the models were stretched, and when varying the zonule angles, the optical power of the 11-, 29-, and 45-year-old models changed up to 0.17 D, 0.24 D, and 0.30 D, respectively. The effect of zonular angles on the anterior radius of curvature of the anterior surface varied by 0.29 mm, 0.23 mm, and 0.25 mm for the 11-, 29-, and 45-year-old models, respectively. Conclusions: Larger zonular fiber insertion angles cause smaller deformation and less accommodative change, while parallel zonules induce the largest change in lens shape.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vision8030045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T11:06:42Z","timestamp":1721732802000},"page":"45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Effect of the Zonular Fiber Angle of Insertion on Accommodation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1133-958X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liying","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, 9728 NX Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Visual Optics Lab Antwerp (VOLANTIS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8661-6353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Pierscionek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Medicine and Social Care, Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henk","family":"Weeber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, 9728 NX Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Canovas Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, 9728 NX Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8124-8646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos J.","family":"Rozema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visual Optics Lab Antwerp (VOLANTIS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2022.2088797","article-title":"A Review of Lens Biomechanical Contributions to Presbyopia","volume":"48","author":"Rich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. 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