{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:23:27Z","timestamp":1789179807410,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NEI\/NIH","award":["R01 EY035681 (ARD)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY035681 (ARD)"]}]},{"name":"NEI\/NIH","award":["UH3 EY031809 (ARD)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3 EY031809 (ARD)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vision"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Persistent corneal epithelial defects (PCEDs) are a challenging ocular condition characterized by the failure of complete corneal epithelial healing after an insult or injury, even after 14 days of standard care. There is a lack of therapeutics that target this condition and encourage re-epithelialization of the corneal surface in a timely and efficient manner. This review aims to provide an overview of current standards of management for PCEDs, highlighting novel, emerging treatments in this field. While many of the current non-surgical treatments aim to provide lubrication and mechanical support, novel non-surgical approaches are undergoing development to harness the proliferative and healing properties of human mesenchymal stem cells, platelets, lufepirsen, hyaluronic acid, thymosin \u00df4, p-derived peptide, and insulin-like growth factor for the treatment of PCEDs. Novel surgical treatments focus on corneal neurotization and limbal cell reconstruction using novel scaffold materials and cell-sources. This review provides insights into future PCED treatments that build upon current management guidelines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vision9020026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T11:08:40Z","timestamp":1743505720000},"page":"26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Emerging Treatments for Persistent Corneal Epithelial Defects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8805-6938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeonghyun (Esther)","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4049-4752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christie","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3895-0655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Moghtader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumaiya","family":"Shahjahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Bibak Bejandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alzein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali R.","family":"Djalilian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Golhait, P., and Peseyie, R. 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