{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T17:17:17Z","timestamp":1782148637330,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI)-based approach to agricultural drought monitoring (ADM-SPEI approach) combining well-known methods, expert\u2019 critical opinions, and local agro-climatic specificities. The proposed approach has been described in detail in three phases. This allows its application in any region and modification according to different agro-climatic conditions. The application of the ADM-SPEI approach has resulted in obtaining a modified SPEI for different crops (agricultural drought SPEI (AD-SPEIcrop)) in the Vojvodina region. In the first phase of the proposed approach, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to obtain an experts\u2019 group decision regarding the most suitable method for calculating evapotranspiration for a particular analyzed region. In the second phase, SPEI was modified and adjusted to the conditions in Vojvodina, where ET0 was replaced by ETc. In the validation phase, the results of the application of AD-SPEIcrop were compared to crop yields and well-known indices and evaluated by the experts\u2019 feedback. The statistically significant correlations were achieved between AD-SPEIcrop and crop yields. The highest correlations were achieved in the months when the analyzed crops were in the developmental stages when they are most sensitive to drought. The AD-SPEIcrop better correlates to the crop yields compared to SPEI. The comparison of AD-SPEIcrop to the standardized precipitation index (SPI), SPEI, and self-calibrated Palmer drought severity index (SC-PDSI) shows that it can successfully detect dry and wet periods. The results have indicated that the proposed approach can be successfully applied, and AD-SPEIcrop has shown a good performance for agricultural drought monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w11071481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T11:25:12Z","timestamp":1563362712000},"page":"1481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["SPEI-Based Approach to Agricultural Drought Monitoring in Vojvodina Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jovana","family":"Bezdan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovi\u0107a 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atila","family":"Bezdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovi\u0107a 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo\u0161ko","family":"Blagojevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovi\u0107a 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgr\u00e4nd 17, 901 83 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minu\u010der","family":"Mesaro\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovi\u0107a 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borivoj","family":"Peji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovi\u0107a 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6245-8901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milica","family":"Vrane\u0161evi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovi\u0107a 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dragoslav","family":"Pavi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovi\u0107a 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilija","family":"Nikoli\u0107-\u0110ori\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovi\u0107a 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wilhite, D.A., and Svoboda, M.D. (2000). Drought early warning systems in the context of drought preparedness and mitigation. Early Warning Systems for Drought Preparedness and Drought Management, Proceedings of the Expert Group Meeting, Lisbon, Portugal, 5\u20137 September 2000, World Meteorological Organization."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/15715124.2005.9635243","article-title":"Spatial and temporal drought analysis in the kansabati river basin, india","volume":"3","author":"Mishra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. River Basin Manag."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Wilhite, D.A., Hayes, J.M., Knutson, L.C., Hayes, M., and Knutson, C. (2005). Drought Preparedness Planning: Building Institutional Capacity. 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